Gender Inequality An Ongoing Issue That Occurs Everywhere

Gender inequality is an ongoing issue that occurs everywhere. The Oxford Dictionary of Sports Science Medicine defines gender inequality as â€Å"Social process by which people are treated differently and disadvantageously, under similar circumstances, on the basis of gender† (Kent). This inequality is deeply related to the social view of the gender and inherent biological factors. According to Jay Mcsherry in his paper The Gender Divide, he claims that gender inequality can be seen from differences in socially established gender roles, also with biological factors such as, chromosomes, brain structure, and hormonal differences (Mcsherry). Mcsherry reveals in his paper that women in the United States make up fifty-one percent of the entire population, also forty-seven percent of the population of the workforce. In spite of the significant share of the female workforce in the society, women also often face some issues that prevent them from finding most profitable professions . Although both genders should be treated equally in the workforce, female still face gender inequality in employment, leadership, and earnings. Gender discrimination can be found in the workforce starting from the employment process. Roberto M. Fernandez, a professor of Management and Organization Studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology did a research on this topic of gender inequality (Fernandez). His research reveals that when employers assigning candidates to job positions, womenShow MoreRelatedGender Inequality Across All Professions1799 Words   |  8 PagesIn the past half century, America has seen a historic decline in gender inequality across many realms of society. Women have reached levels of success that they never have before, finding equality in education, employment and political representation. Yet despite these gains, inequality remains a persistent issue. It is particularly prominent in the workplace, where women face the glass ceiling effect and a si gnificant gender wage gap across all professions. A closer look at the competing explanationsRead MoreMeritocracy And Structure Of Gender Inequality1773 Words   |  8 PagesMeritocracy and Structure in Gender Inequality In the past half century, America has seen a historic decline in gender inequality across many realms of society. Women have reached unprecedented levels of success, finding equality in education, employment and political representation. Yet despite these gains, inequality remains a persistent issue. It is particularly prominent in the workplace, where women face the glass ceiling effect and a significant gender wage gap across all professions. A closerRead MoreA Study of Gender Equality at a Workplace in Singapore15000 Words   |  60 Pagesimproved to be more equal on the gender differences? (Multiple answers are allowed) Q16: In general, do you see any differences when come to job opportunity for the male and the female in Singapore that you are currently working/were last worked in? Q15: In relation to your answer to question (14) above, what could be the reason(s) for the more gender in the management positions? (multiple/additional answers are allowed) Q14: Which of the below best describes the gender of the managerial level andRead MoreU.s. African Development Foundation6843 Words   |  28 Pagessuggest is the idea that the U.S. has been spending a lot of money in foreign aids, particularly in the Africa continent, and yet poverty in general still exists (http://www.foreignassistance.gov/web/Agencylanding.aspx). Another data to show the ongoing problem of poverty is from the World Bank website. When we select the $1.25 and $2 a day option under â€Å"Latest Country Poverty Data† and some specific regions under â€Å"Explore Data† we will see that there is still, in general, a high percentage of peopleRead MoreCrime Against Women and Challenges to Overcome Them5619 Words   |  23 Pagescountry and that nation which did not respect women have never become great nor will ever in future†. Study of the history of human society reveals that in no society of the world have women enjoyed absolute equality on par with men. Everywhere they were subjected to inequality, discrimination and exploitation. The Constitution of India provides equal rights and opportunities to women. It does not make any discrimination on the ground of sex. This does not mean that our women are completely free from problemsRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Infection ( Hiv ) Global Health Report6698 Words   |  27 Pagesinfection reported from all regions in the world. The majority of old and new cases are reported from sub-Saharan Africa which accounts for almost 70%. Most of the HIV infection affects people at their predictive life, and around 40% of the infection occurs in young youth at age less than 25 ys. (Global Health policy, 2014). HIV infection affects household, families, communities, and nations. It is regarded to be a burden to the both developing and developed countries. It restrict development and economicRead MoreExistence of Crime2232 Words   |  9 Pagesdifferences within a society, for instance an individual of a higher social economic class that feel as though they are better than an individual from a lower working class. This is an ongoing issue which is seen as both groups wanting the respect or power they feel they deserve. This group against group dilemma can be seen everywhere; for instance when discussing the employer and employee fairness. It is seen within a society how business owners sometimes attempt to give good benefits to offset the poor hourlyRead MoreThe Gay Rights Movement3482 Words   |  14 PagesTri An Nguyen Mr. Gage AP Government 12 March 2015 The Gay Rights Movement Homosexuality has been an issue for the public for an extremely long time dating back to even Ancient Rome and Greek. Especially with the birth of Christianity, the religious society has been persecuting anyone claiming homosexuality, forcing people to hide their own sexuality for centuries. It is important to understand and know the past of the homsexuality to understand the reason for their fight and the mentality of theirRead MoreChina in Africa Essay20116 Words   |  81 PagesBeyene Property rights Kjell Havnevik Tor A. Benjaminsen Espen Sjaastad inequality and climate change contents to our reAders AfricAn Agriculture 1 3 november 2007 Carin Norberg African agriculture and the World Bank: development or impoverishment? Atakilte Beyene 5 8 Property rights formalisation in Africa Tor A. Benjaminsen Espen Sjaastad the relationship between inequality and climate change Kjell Havnevik commentAries intervieW 11 14 decoding theRead MoreTrobriand Islanders-Malinowski and Weiner10855 Words   |  44 Pagesthere is some evidence suggestive of changes internal to sagali, and definitive evidence of changes in the broader context in which these exchanges transpire. This broader context situates traditional elements of Trobriand culture in relation to the ongoing processes of economic and political development (cf. Carrier and Carrier 1987). Weiner stresses the continuity of Trobriand culture in the context of the politics of the emerging nation of Papua New Guinea. It is clear from Weiners introduction to

Banning of Public Smoking Free Essays

Banning of public smoking has become a controversial topic, with the supporters of both the groups putting forward their own arguments for and against banning public smoking. It is well known fact that passive smoking has contributed to the death of large numbers of people, thereby showing the negative consequences of smoking. Based on health reasons, one can suggest that smoking should be banned in the public areas. We will write a custom essay sample on Banning of Public Smoking or any similar topic only for you Order Now It has been argued by some scholars and people that smoking is the right of the individuals who should not be forced to quit smoking in the public areas although it is desirable to stop smoking in the places such as public vehicles so as not to affect the co-passengers. The supporters of smoking argue that by banning smoking in public places, the smoker’s right to relax in the places like pubs is taken away, thereby reducing customers to pubs and other places. This has negatively affected business of the pubs. Already, smoking has been banned in the places where there is intimate contact between different individuals. These people also suggest that smokers are addicted to smoking, which gives them relaxation. It is not desirable to compel the smokers to give up their privilege of smoking without any legal problems. It is also suggested that ban on public smoking creates barriers between smokers and non smokers. (Atwell) Many other scholars have opposed the above argument put forward to support smoking in public places. It is found that passive smoking is the third major reason for the death of large numbers of people. It is unfortunate that so many people have to suffer because of the smoking behavior of the people who use different forms of tobacco. Cigarettes and other tobacco products can be dangerous not only to the smoker, but also to the non smokes who are around the smoker. Smoke contains more than 4000 chemicals, which can negatively affect the health of the individuals. Non smokers, due to public smoking, may suffer from health problems leading to lung, breast, cervical, nasal sinus cancers, strokes, and miscarriages. While many smokers argue that they have the right to enjoy their life by smoking, anti-smokers in the public places argue that they have the right to live without suffering from diseases due to second hand smoking. Therefore, it is argued that through public smoking banning, it is possible to improve the health of second hand smokers. In the absence of public smoke ban, the smokers will be encouraged to continue their habit of smoking in the public, thereby affecting the health of general public. The argument that this ban on public smoking will reduce the number of people visiting pubs and restaurants is also not accepted because studies have indicated that ban on public smoking does not lead to reduced number of customers to the pubs. This is due to the fact that majority of pub customers are non smokers. Ban on public smoking may encourage more number of people to go to bars because they can enjoy their drink in non-smoking environment. By banning public smoking, even the smokers are given an opportunity to leave smoking, thereby assisting them to improve their health. Ban on public smoking can improve the quality of life of individuals in the modern society. Supporters of public smoking contend that ban on public smoking negatively affects the right of the individuals to enjoy their smoke. They suggest that since already there is partial ban on smoking, there is no need to completely ban public smoking as this would decrease the number of people visiting pubs and other public places. However, anti-smokers suggest that many non smokers have suffered due to the consumption of nicotine. Since, large numbers of people are affected by smoking in the public places, this should be banned. Works Cited Atwell, Kate. â€Å"Should smoking be banned in public places? The no argument†. Online Science. 15 November, 2003. August 22, 2006. Available at http://www. wessexscene. co. uk/ Bethany, S. , and Minneapolis, M. N. â€Å"Ban Smoking in Public Areas†. Teen Ink. 2006. August 22, 2006. Available at http://teenink. com/ How to cite Banning of Public Smoking, Papers

The Renassiance Essay Research Paper The Renaissance free essay sample

The Renassiance Essay, Research Paper The Renaissance encouraged many alterations in society. It opened a whole new epoch of concluding and originative thought. Many thoughts of society were developed in this clip period. One such thought is the construct of Humanism. Humanism was an rational motion that developed in the bosom of the Italian Renaissance. It was a manner to concentrate on secular topics, instead than spiritual issues in The European Renaissance. The Renaissance was a period of European history, considered by modern bookmans as that between 1300 and 1600. Many dramatic alterations happened during the Renaissance. The Renaissance was a period of new innovations and beliefs. The Renaissance was drastically different from the Middle Ages. During the Middle Ages the church held most of the power and its economic system was agriculturally based. Exploration and acquisition was about put to a halt. During the Renaissance society was transformed into a society progressively dominated by cardinal political establishments with an urban commercial attitude. We will write a custom essay sample on The Renassiance Essay Research Paper The Renaissance or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Besides, people # 8217 ; s wonder overcame their fright and many people started to venture out and explore. The Renaissance besides had an consequence on the general society. Many people became interested in political relations. Besides, people became interested in Thursday vitamin E universe outside of their towns. Many became adventurers, merchandisers, and mapmakers. Religion particularly changed during the Renaissance. In the Middle ages people were chiefly concerned with functioning the church and acquiring to heaven. But the addition in humanistic disciplines and instruction gave people something to look frontward to, and a life worth life. So people based their lives around assorted other things alternatively of the church. Because of the addition in literacy people learned that the Catholic Church merely told the people what they wanted them to hear. This caused many people to interrupt away from the church and signifier Protestant faiths. In decision, the Renaissance was a clip of new rousing in Europe. It includes the general loss of power by the church, an addition in literacy and instruction, and an geographic expedition period that had been thought about for centuries. It showed the significance of instruction, which would excite and promote one # 8217 ; s originative powers. Humanist beliefs were based on the beliefs of the early Romans and Greeks. It directed itself to these countries of survey: Grammar, Rhetoric, Poetry, and history. This is an of import accomplishment for Europe because it open a new window ; a window to the head. It eventually put an terminal to the feudalistic society that existed during the # 8220 ; Dark Ages # 8221 ; .

Novo Nordisk Management Case Study

Novo Nordisk is one of the few firms in the world, which is recognized for its sustainable management practices. The firm’s operations in the industry are influenced by value-based management approaches. The firm has effective corporate governance policies, which influence the way it relates with its customers and other stakeholders.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Novo Nordisk Management: Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It has instituted integrated reporting systems, which make it easy for the public to assess its operations. This allows external auditing of the firm’s systems to determine whether they satisfy sustainable management practices, which the firm aspires to achieve. The firm has a solid reputation in the industry because it was the first business firm in Denmark to release a corporate environmental report. This has strengthened the firm’s credibility in the industry ( Eccles Krzus 2012, p. 2). Novo Nordisk has set goals it seeks to achieve by building effective partnerships with other stakeholders. Therefore, the firm understands its responsibility to its clients. This has made it institute effective sustainable practices. Novo Nordisk compiles financial, social and environmental aspects related to its performance in one report every year. These three values are equally important to the firm’s strategic focus in the industry. The firm opens up all information related to crucial areas of its operations to the public, which shows it is ready to be more transparent and accountable. Thus, the firm has added value to products it manufactures because consumers are able to scrutinize the quality of processes used to produce them. The firm makes it possible for consumers to identify key issues that have an impact on the quality of products released into the market. This affects the way they consume these products. Novo Nordisk’s reporting systems make customers aware of what it plans to do in the future and how it plans to do it (Eccles Krzus 2012, p. 4). Therefore, the firm’s consumers and other stakeholders greatly influence the way the firm operates. The company has managed to build trust in the industry because it has effective quality control systems, which enable interested parties to audit its processes. The firm provides more information related to crucial processes on its website, which shows clearly what the firm intends to do within a specified period of time.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Its approach to the market is influenced by the need to balance between social, financial and environmental issues, which have an impact on the way it operates in the market. Novo Nordisk has made business ethics, a core issue, which guides its internal and external practices. These ethical practices ar e captured in the way it reports on different issues, which have a direct bearing on its operations. The firm’s employees have to ensure that the way they perform their duties conforms to internal and external expectations. This makes them respect the firm’s value–based work systems (Eccles Krzus 2012, p. 8). Novo Nordisk’s management approach has strengthened the way the firm relates with its customers. The firm is able to report on different activities related to its operations and how they add value to its position in the market. The firm’s management is in a better position to evaluate the relationship between financial and non-financial issues and their impact on the firm’s reputation in the industry. Integrated reporting of crucial activities helps managers review the level of commitment the firm has to different areas of its operations. This makes them evaluate the firm’s total performance in different activities (Eccles Krzu s 2012, p. 11). The firm also encourages its employees to be more accountable to themselves and internal quality systems established. The firm has established strong internal controls, which guide employees on ethical practices they need to observe as they perform their duties. Therefore, this makes them more willing to improve various production processes in the firm. The firm has set for itself different goals it seeks to achieve in its operations. The firm has pledged to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide discharged from its production processes by 10%. This is an ethical objective, which is closely related to the firm’s social and environmental strategies. Novo Nordisk has implemented efficient production systems, which limit the discharge of harmful waste products from its production sites into the environment. The firm has been able to streamline internal production processes to make them conform to its long-term objectives.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Novo Nordisk Management: Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The firm has also changed the way energy consumption patterns in production. Its production processes are mainly powered by renewable energy sources, which have reduced quantities of harmful emissions it releases into the atmosphere (Novo Nordisk 2011, p. 12). This has made the firm to work towards achieving its long-term social and environmental goals. Novo Nordisk’s manufactures medicine and other health products to the market. The firm has integrated social, environmental and financial targets in its operations and these factors impact greatly on innovation. Employees strive to make their output conform to the firm’s overall objectives because they contribute to the value of its products in the market. The integrated reporting approaches implemented by the organization allow it to sustain value in its social and financial processes. These processes make it possible for the firm to build effective relationships with other stakeholders in the industry and help it achieve its long-term strategies. Novo Nordisk has managed to align Corporate Social Responsibility goals with its core operations, which have benefited more people (Novo Nordisk 2011, p. 14). The firm has managed to increase the value of its brand in the industry because more customers are aware of its commitment to sustainable development. The firm has designed integrated reporting systems, which focus on the quality of its operations. Novo Nordisk’s management has instituted measures that monitor how internal operations help achieve set goals. This allows the firm to audit its operations after different time intervals to determine improvements, which need to be made. The firm has provided a model of management, which can be emulated by other companies operating in different industries. The triple bottom line’s focus on social, financial and en vironmental issues has made the company to work towards influencing the industry positively. This has made the firm more competitive in its industry because its sustainable production practices have helped it sustain the value of its products in the market (Novo Nordisk 2011, p. 20). Novo Nordisk’s integrated reporting policies allow the firm to provide a clear assessment on how its operations add tangible and intangible benefits to the society.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In conclusion, it is fair to state that Novo Nordisk has managed to improve the value it offers its customers. The firm has made its operations more efficient and transparent. This shows that the firm has a strong commitment to its customers and other stakeholders who are directly affected by its operations. References Eccles, RG Krzus, MP 2012, ‘Novo Nordisk: a commitment to sustainability’, Harvard Business School Case 9-412-053, pp. 1-18. Novo Nordisk 2011, Financial, social and environmental performance report, Novo Nordisk, Bagsvaerd. This essay on Novo Nordisk Management: Case Study was written and submitted by user Bennett Odom to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sixteen Candles essays

Sixteen Candles essays The 1986 film Sixteen Candles tells a timeless tale of growing up in suburban America. The films star, Sam, played by Molly Ringwald, wakes up with big expectations on her sweet sixteenth birthday only to be completely disappointed. Not only does she find that she looks exactly the same as when she was fifteen, but her family is so preoccupied with her older sisters wedding that they forget her birthday altogether. The film opens with Sam on the phone with her best girlfriend Randy. She is examining herself in her full length mirror and is totally horrified to find that her body didnt magically transform overnight. She was hoping to wake up with a body just like Carolines. Caroline is the head cheerleader, prom queen, and girlfriend of the most popular boy in school, Jake Ryan. Sam is hopelessly in love with Jake and is convinced that he wont know she exists until she is more developed, more mature, more like Caroline. Little does she know, Jake does notice her. He is intrigued by a certain mispassed note containing some very personal information about Sams sex life (or lack of one). In this note, Sam confesses that she is a virgin (she has never done it) and is saving herself not for marriage, but for Jake Ryan. Jake finds himself wanting to get to know Sam and wanting a real relationship with someone like her, rather than with someone like Caroline. He knows Caroline doesnt love him, and he doesnt love her either. The only real reason theyre together is because hes the most popular boy at school and shes the most popular girl. Throughout the movie, Sam is preoccupied with becoming more like Caroline, while the real reason Jake is interested in her is because she is not like Caroline. By the end of the movie Sam learns a valuable lesson about being her own person and even gets the guy along the way. ...

A Selection of Quotes From The Picture of Dorian Gray

A Selection of Quotes From The Picture of Dorian Gray The Picture of Dorian Gray  is the only known novel by Oscar Wilde. It first appeared in Lippincotts Monthly Magazine in 1890 and was revised and published as a book the following year. Wilde, who was famous for his wit, used the controversial work to explore his ideas about art, beauty, morality, and love. The Purpose of Art Throughout the novel, Wilde explores the role of art by examining the relationship between a work of art and its viewer. The book opens with the artist Basil Hallward painting a large portrait of Dorian Gray. Over the course of the novel, the painting becomes a reminder that Gray will age and lose his beauty. This relationship between Gray and his portrait is a way of exploring the relationship between the outside world and the self. The reason I will not exhibit this picture is that I am afraid that I have shown in it the secret of my own soul. [Chapter 1] I knew that I had come face to face with someone whose mere personality was so fascinating that, if I allowed it to do so, it would absorb my whole nature, my whole soul, my very art itself.[Chapter 1] An artist should create beautiful things, but should put nothing of his own life into them.[Chapter 1] For there would be a real pleasure in watching it. He would be able to follow his mind into its secret places. This portrait would be to him the most magical of mirrors. As it had revealed to him his own body, so it would reveal to him his own soul. [Chapter 8] Beauty While exploring the role of art, Wilde also delves into a related theme: beauty. Dorian Gray, the novels protagonist, values youth and beauty above all else, which is part of what makes his self-portrait so important to him. The worship of beauty also shows up in other places throughout the book, such as during Grays discussions with Lord Henry. But beauty, real beauty, ends where an intellectual expression begins. Intellect is in itself a mode of exaggeration, and destroys the harmony of any face. [Chapter 1] The ugly and the stupid have the best of it in this world. They can sit at their ease and gape at the play. [Chapter 1] How sad it is! I shall grow old, and horrible, and dreadful. But this picture will remain always young. It will never be older than this particular day of June... If it were only the other way! If it were I who was to be always  young,  and the picture that was to grow old! For that-for that-I would give everything! Yes, there is nothing in the whole world I would not give! I would give my soul for that! [Chapter 2] There were moments when he looked on evil simply as a mode through which he could  realise  his conception of the beautiful. [Chapter 11] The world is changed because you are made of ivory and gold. The curves of your lips rewrite history. [Chapter 20] Morality In his pursuit of pleasure, Dorian Gray indulges in all number of vices, giving Wilde the opportunity to reflect on questions of morality and sin. These were questions that Wilde, as an artist writing in the Victorian era, struggled with his whole life. A few years after the publication of Dorian Gray, Wilde was arrested for gross indecency (a legal euphemism for homosexual acts). The highly-publicized trial led to his conviction and two-year imprisonment. The only way to get rid of a temptation is to yield to it. Resist it, and your soul grows sick with longing for the things it has forbidden to itself, with desire for what its monstrous laws have made monstrous and unlawful. [Chapter 2] I know what conscience is, to begin with. It is not what you told me it was. It is the  divinest  thing in us. Dont sneer at it, Harry,  any more-at  least not before me. I want to be good. I cant bear the idea of my soul being hideous. [Chapter 8] Innocent blood had been split. What could atone for that? Ah! for that there was no atonement; but though forgiveness was impossible, forgetfulness was possible still, and he was determined to forget, to stamp the thing out, to crush it as one would crush the adder that had stung one. [Chapter 16] What does it profit a man if he  gain  the whole world and  lose-how does the quotation run?-his own soul? [Chapter 19] There was purification in punishment. Not Forgive us our sins, but Smite us for our iniquities should be the prayer of a man to a most just God. [Chapter 20] Love The Picture of Dorian Gray is also a story of love and passion in all of their varieties. It includes some of Wildes most famous words on the subject. The book charts the fluctuation of Grays love for the actress Sibyl Vane, from its inception to its undoing, along with Grays destructive self-love, which gradually drives him to sin. Along the way, Wilde explores the distinctions between selfish love and nobler passion. His sudden mad love for Sibyl Vane was a psychological phenomenon of no small interest. There was no doubt that curiosity had much to do with it, curiosity and the desire for new experiences; yet it was not a simple but rather a very complex passion. [Chapter 4] Thin-lipped Wisdom spoke at her from the worn chair, hinted at prudence, quoted from that book of cowardice whose author apes the name of common sense. She did not listen. She was free in her prison of passion. Her prince, Prince Charming, was with her. She had called on Memory to remake him. She had sent her soul to search for him, and it had brought him back. His kiss burned again upon her mouth. Her eyelids were warm with his breath. [Chapter 5] You have killed my love. You used to stir my imagination. Now you dont even stir my curiosity. You simply produce no effect. I loved you because you were  marvellous, because you had genius and  intellect,  because you  realised  the dreams of great poets and gave shape and substance to the shadows of art. You have thrown it all away. You are shallow and stupid.[Chapter 7] His unreal and selfish love would yield to some higher influence, would be transformed into some nobler passion, and the portrait that Basil Hallward had painted of him would be a guide to him through life, would be to him what holiness is to some, and conscience to others, and the fear of God to us all. There were opiates for remorse, drugs that could lull the moral sense to sleep. But  here  was a visible symbol of the degradation of sin. Here was an ever-present sign of the ruin men brought upon their souls. [Chapter 8]

International Economic Growth (Economics) Essay

International Economic Growth (Economics) - Essay Example It has been destroyed about 30 % of basic industry equipment. After numerous bombing Nagasaki and Hiroshima has been almost purely ruinous. The capital of the country, Tokyo, has stayed in ruin. There has been demobilized about 9 million soldiers, moreover 1.5 million people has entered the country as refugees. The inflation has reached 5000 %. There has been overall shortage of goods and materials. There has been a great dearth. The value of the yen to the dollar has been constantly falling down that has evidenced that financial system of the state has been completely unsettled. Notwithstanding Japanese people has felt release with the end and war. The society has been full of optimistic expectations. Everybody has been equally poor, and everybody has had the same chances. They have started everything from the very beginning. The great role of Japan economics development has been played by Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI). It seems like no other governmental regulation or organization had more economic impact than this ministry. "The particular speed, form, and consequences of Japanese economic growth are not intelligible without reference to the contributions of MITI" (Johnson, 1982). The main achievement of Japan government that time has been an efficient cooperation between the Japanese government and private industry. The other scholar, David R. Henderson, considers that "MITI plans for industry growth, and sometimes gets other agencies to use their powers to carry out the plans, the extent of MITI's control, and of government control generally, has been greatly exaggerated". It should be mentioned that in period 1955 -1973, Japan government has had six different National Economic Plans. But without exception actual growth rates have exceeded those required to fulfill the plan's targets. This is evidence that the plans themselves were not responsible. The course that has been chosen for the state's development to some extent may seem paradoxical: To cut the program of industry funding in order to take inflation under control; To eliminate the dependence of enterprises development on external source of financing; To state fixed value of yen to a dollar. These sanctions have created severe conditions for those industry branches, which have been subsidized with the help of foreign or governmental sources of financing. The position has been more aggravated in result of division of such big monopolistic incorporations like "Mitsui", "Mitsubishi", and "Sumitomo". The point is that in result of such division there have been broken numerous connections with providers of raw products. In this sphere they have has to start everything from the very beginning too. The program of development, which taken a lot of companies over a rough road, has followed the aim to stop the hasty growth of prices. The numerous companies' bankruptcy has been seen as less harmful for the economy as engrossing inflation. Reduce of market for the goods resulted decrease. But there has been any assurance that Japan economics would stand the test of conjuncture degradation. The market changes resulted by the war in Korea has saved a lot of Japan companies. The boom has lasted for a year, and then another decline has come. The question of vital importance has become a long-term economics development, and its

Mysterious Cave on Mars Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Mysterious Cave on Mars - Article Example Dennis Mitchell’s 7th-grade science class at Evergreen Middle School in Cottonwood, CA discovered these openings on the red planet. There were a total of 16 students in the class (Moskowitz 2010). The students were taking part in the Mars Student Imaging Program that takes place at the Mars Space Flight Facility at Arizona State University. Similar holes were discovered on Mars in 2007 by a U.S. Geological Survey Scientist, Glen Cushing (Moskowitz 2010). There are no known facts about what can be found inside these caves. I think that is amazing that a group of 7th graders located this mysterious cave. They were, after all, only looking for locations of lava tubes on the planet. I think that this is a significant accomplishment for such a determined group of youngsters. They were clearly led by a strong leader with strong knowledge in the area of photography and images, and managed to accomplish this all on their

Climate Change - Essay Essay Example for Free

Climate Change Essay Essay In the present-day society, the human race is advancing at a staggering rate. However, at the meantime, the environment has been polluting with the high-tech. The most obvious is climate warming. Therefore, we should protect the environment at once. In my opinion, the causes of the climate change are multiple. Firstly, some people have not the realized the environment which has been polluted, so they have not the awareness to protect the environment, and even damage the environment. And some of people realized it, but they have no ability to give some contribution for the environment. And another people who have the ability to protect the environment, but it will have some conflict for their benefit. Hence, the government should cultivate the sense of protecting the environment to citizens. Secondly, some large industries are not control the emissions which led to the climate warning. So the authorizes must scrutinize the industries and encourage them to protect the environment. On the other hand, the government ought to draw more laws to punishment the industries which destroy the environment. Overall, the government is a very important role to arrest the climate warming. Today, China is advancing at a staggering rate in some of areas. For example, politics, economic, and culture. In politics, we have a good relationship with the whole world. The mind of peaceful from our country has been accepted by the whole world. Our country is the one of security council members. In economic, we have many trades with some developed country, for example, America. It led to our economic developing very fast. In culture, culture is very important for a country, we have a long history  about 5000 years. So our country is an unlack of country. We are very proud of this. Well, the causes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦are multip. For example, in our country, you know, we have many many people who need to meet resources. You know the resources is limited, therefore resources and population are the important factor for developing countries. Furthermore, some resources have not been fully utilized, because of the technology. So most of resources have been wasted. For example, Japan recycle some of resources from China, and rework them, Japan have gotten many profits from Chinese resources. So I think the technology is an important factor as well. In the end, education is very very important factor. You know the education depend on the country’s future. However, in China, the university rankings

The Failings of Mr. And Mrs. Elliot Essay -- Mr. and Mrs. Elliot Essay

The Failings of Mr. And Mrs. Elliot      Ã‚   This cynical look at a less than ideal marriage keeps the reader at a distance. The opening sentence startles in its baldness "Mr. and Mrs. Elliot tried very hard to have a baby" and the second sentence destroys any illusions that the Elliots are enjoying this by stating that "They tried as often as Mrs. Elliot could stand it"(Hemingway 85).    The second paragraph uses one long, oddly convoluted sentence to describe their courtship and subsequent marriage. It isn't until the third paragraph that either is referred to by a first name and then young Mr. Hubert Elliot's career is discussed. Mrs. Elliot's age has already been revealed, she is forty, and now Hubert's age is given as twenty five. This disparity in ages is explained by the fact that Hubert has been keeping "himself pure so that he could bring to his wife the same purity of mind and body that he expected of her"(85). The very thing that girls his age laugh at is what endears him to his friend at the tea shop, Cornelia.    She, too, is quite pure and they are delighted to have found each other, even if his mother cries over their marriage. Later she "brightened very much when she learned they were going to live abroad"(86). Perhaps she's relieved that the newlyweds will be out of reach of the wagging tongues of neighbors and friends.    The happy couple spends much time kissing and congratulating themselves on having remained pure. Apparently marriage wasn't in Hubert's plans, he can't even "remember just when it was decided that they were to be married"(86). But they do marry and the wedding night proves to be disappointing, the impression being that two such pure souls have no clue how to make love. A... ...friends of her own, concentrating instead on making that baby and typing Hubert's poetry. There is also a tendency to accept at face value some things that would arouse suspicion in a more thoughtful (or less desparate) person. "Hubert explained to her that he had leaned that way of kissing from hearing a fellow tell a story once"(86).    It might be easy to feel sympathy for such deluded people, creating their own traps and convincing themselves that they are so very happy. But the slightly sarcastic edge of the narrative combined with the distance maintained throughout instead works to encourage contempt. At the end of the story it's easy to dismiss the Elliots as having made their bed. Now they'll just have to sleep in it.    Works Cited Hemingway, Ernest. "Mr. and Mrs. Eliot." The Short Stories. New York: Scribner Paperback Fiction, 1995.   

Price Floors and Price Ceilings

Kristen Fowler Economics April 16, 2012 n   Price Controls: How efficient are  price ceilings and price floors? If you think one is better than the other, make sure to bring up examples from our economy to validate your stand. Price ceilings and price floors are essential aspects of our economy. Price ceilings are government enacted laws preventing suppliers from establishing prices of key resources higher than a certain price, which is set by the government. Price floors are price minimums that can be charged for a good or service.These price controls are put in place in order to maintain an affordable lifestyle and protect consumers from suffering form unfair inflation. However, when not executed properly, price controls can become ineffective. Price ceilings are enacted in order to benefit consumers. Price ceilings prevent businesses from charging unfair prices. For example, if only one seller has access to a certain product that is a necessity to consumers, without a price ce iling they have the ability to charge an outrageous price. Price ceilings also assist in keeping the cost of living reasonable in the case of high inflation.If prices rise faster than incomes do, people will be unable to maintain a comfortable standard of living. However, when enacted out improperly price ceilings can have a negative outcome. It is important that price ceilings are set above the market price. If a price ceiling is set below the market price, it will result in a shortage. An example of misuse of price ceilings is when a price ceiling is established on a product in which the price is thought to be too high; however a more efficient means of solving this problem would be to increase production.An ineffective price ceiling is one that is set above the market equilibrium price. The product is already selling for much lower than the price ceiling, so unless the price greatly increases, the price ceiling serves no vital purpose. Price floors are a government imposed limit of how low a price can be for a good or service. I do not believe that there should be a price floor set on products or services, and that the law of supply and demand should determine the pricing of products. However, a necessary price floor our government has in place is minimum wage.Minimum wage is essential because if employers were able to pay employees as little as they want, workers may not be able to afford the cost of living. Although minimum wage is beneficial to the people, it is also beneficial to the government as well. By setting a minimum wage, the need for public assistance decreases. Setting a minimum wage also encourages consumption. If people just have enough money to pay for their basic needs, they will not have money to spend and put back into the economy.The effectiveness of price floors greatly depends on where it is set in respect to the market equilibrium price. If the price floor is set underneath the market equilibrium price, it has no effect since the con sumer is already paying a higher price. This price floor will not be effective unless the market price decreases. A price floor will make a direct impact on the market if it is set above the market equilibrium price. By setting a higher price floor, you are ensuring that more products can be made, however there are negative results as well.Consumers will recognize that they are now paying a higher price for the same product, which may lead to less consumption, directly leading to a surplus. This idea holds true in the example of minimum wage as well. If the minimum wage rate is set too high, more unskilled workers will enter the labor force, and less employers will be willing to pay this rate leading to less hiring. Therefore setting the minimum wage rate too high will directly lead to increased unemployment. http://smallbusiness. chron. com/advantages-disadvantages-price-ceiling-25210. html

A Day in the Life of Me Essay

Welcome to the life of me, Jo Compton. There is nothing special about me I’m just a normal, mundane person but I thought I would introduce you into the real world. I am a man with no qualifications trying to be someone that I am not. I try not to blame my failure in this complicated world on anyone but if I had to I would blame my old college that used to be a mental institute in its early days, then I didn’t take any notice but looking back it seems a bit dubious that an institute for the mentally ill being converted into a school. My college was absolutely atrocious the teachers had no control over the pupils you could swear at the teachers and they wouldn’t hand out any punishments as if to say that it is right to disrespect those who are trying to help you for the future but the only good thing about the college was that they had excellent sports program with some of the best sports facilities in London this is mainly due to government resources because we were an under achieving school. Well, as I’ve already told you my name is Jo Compton and I live in Whitechapel, those who aren’t familiar to this place it is near the heart of the great city London (great disappointment). Whitechapel is a working class area where everything looks the same, each block of flats appears the spitting image of the other, for example if I told you to concentrate on a block of flats and then spun you around you wouldn’t have a clue which flats you were looking at. I do indeed live in one of those individual looking flats, my flat has the bare necessities with a lounge which could fool you as being a ‘Tate Modern’ exhibition as all four walls are a blisteringly stunning white with a television that’s sits in the corner blasting sounds measuring up to 30 decibels, two double seating sofas that equivalent to the Skoda Fabia in the sofa industry and lastly a table that some how has managed to maintain hold of all its unique four legs even after reviving it from previous owner with a five finger discount. Then there’s the kitchen with units that date back to the 70’s and 80’s made from the cheap MDF wood covered in a marble plastic coated affect that looks like faeces smeared over pieces of wood. The kitchen also consists of other objects believe it or not, firstly there’s the cooker that is calling out for attention as it hardly sees any action because the battered thing has a tendency to cause mini fires so I’d rather eat the ingredients raw than use the cooker as it is probably a lot more safer but to overcome this problem I bought a second hand microwave as I couldn’t afford a new one which made my life a lot easier wondering how to prepare my food but now it is a forgotten task. Lastly in the kitchen are the mismatching utensils to give a more contemporary feel to my already designer house. These houses cost as much as playing ‘Lotto’ which is a big advantage as all the house prices around the country are increasing rapidly except guess where, yep Whitechapel. Why? You may ask, it is due to several reasons why no-one wants to move to this dump. Firstly the car congestion is possibly the worst in the country with the maximum speed at about 6 miles per hour not that the government has enforced this speed ruling upon the motorists it just that it isn’t possible to go any faster because the large number of cars on the road meaning that no motorist can get above second gear as it would be pointless because you’ll probably come upon the dreaded traffic lights or waiting for some twat in a big convey or jeep, too scared to squeeze through a gap slowing us down even more and not forgetting the air pollution that is like living in a smokers’ club where all the factory chimneys act like the cigarettes and the factory owners as the smokers with us being the passive smokers having to cope with their incessant huffing and puffing, the effluence is so bad that it would only be appropriate to be twinned with Chernobyl, it just doesn’t seem fair that with have to suffer while the pollutants live in their 5-bedroom house relaxing in their Jacuzzi sipping champagne laughing at us, even if they worked hard through their school years and got good qualifications what about those who were deprived of a decent education. If I had my way I would lock all the ignorant pollutants in a room and filter their ignorance within so they can have a glimpse of how we live our lives everyday suffering from their constant contamination of ‘Mother Earth’. Another problem that degrades Whitechapel and London is that it seems that the government tried to fit the whole country in this one area making it confined and repellent to look at, this also contributes to the congestion within Whitechapel and London; you could compare this situation to a person who likes to be a perfectionist for example a purist builds and paints a model aeroplane which turns out to be good job but this isn’t enough for them only excellence will do so they keep adding to it until they over do it and the aeroplane turns out to be crap this is the circumstances that has fallen upon Whitechapel and London. I have to give Whitechapel some credit this was the place of my birth in the ‘Great London Hospital’ on September the twenty-third of 1977, those were the days, a person could live their lives with hardly any hassle only the odd couple of bills, they didn’t have to worry about being sued for absurd reasons like dropping a pen, the air was heavenly compared to today’s filth that we inhale, in those days cars seemed to be a gift from God but now we can see that it was a gift in disguise from Satan to bring the world slowly to a stand still taking us back a century. I hope this rather long passage of writing has enlightened you of the real world and of the real people, what they have to endure and cope with each day of their lives. Count yourself lucky when living your life; forget the little bad things that may happen in one day just remember that the real people in this world have to hack through much tougher ordeals each day, praying that they win the ‘Lotto’ and don’t have to live their repulsive life any more. A day in the life of me! Essay BEEP! BEEP! CRASH! (The alarm clock hits the wall) it must be 6:30 am, (I think that 6:30 should not even have an AM! ). Then I think to my self weekends shouldn’t have alarm-clocks going off on them but of course it is not a weekend it’s a Moany Monday Morning. On a Monday every one wants to know where the weekend has gone especially ME and all I can think about is Saturday night, when I was having a conversation with Sam. Lovely, lovely Sam. Then all I can hear is my mum shouting up the stairs â€Å"KIMBERLEY! KIMBERLEY! † As I have a glimpse of my clock I run out of my room and start to jump about on the bathroom floor mainly because its very cold. Then as I am doing this I jump into a lovely warm bath and before I can even think about it. Its seven o’clock and of this is the time I should be leaving. So as I am running out of the bathroom, I grab my dreary uniform, which I have worn for 4 years now (Unfortunately, Yes! ) And hurry to put it on. I am throwing my bag on my shoulder and running out the door to see my bus go racing past me but I still make it the bus in time because some one has got off the only good thing about this day so far! I step on the same bus as always with the same people as always and the same people are half asleep as always and as I’m on the way to the garage I see Tasha and Henna they come running up to me. Henna jumps at me (and she is not a light person either! ) so I hastily get my lunch and leave from Beaverwood as I leave, I get a bad feeling and YES. I am right; I have left my very, very over-due science homework at home! My first detention of the day and of the year. I have not even got in; I have already got detention fun, fun, fun! As I walk up Beaverwood road, I hear a familiar voice it is Charlotte and so I walk up with her. After talking to her for 10minites Alison turns up to remind me about the Geography test that I’ve got 1st lesson and of course I haven’t revised and I don’t have my folder with me. I am in trouble. And not forgetting science and that’s second lesson. Then the 8:30 bell goes so I begrudgingly walk into my form room for another ‘fun’ time with Miss joice my form tutor. The rest of my form walks in, in front of me I sit and talk to kirsty for 25 minutes. In this time I find out exactly what she has done this weekend and when Alison asks me whether I have done the maths homework, all I can say is â€Å"what do you think? † As the bell goes I walk upstairs to geography with Laura as I walk in Miss Aslett announces that we are going to do the test on Wednesday instead of today and for the first time to day some thing has gone right. But she hands us our homework back from last week. I did not get a very good mark on well I was trying to do it in Friday’s ICT lesson! And I did have a bit of trouble especially as I was do my ICT coursework at the same time . As I take zero notice in my geography lesson, I think About my Spanish Module which is during forth lesson. The bell goes ‘saved by the bell’ then break I spend sitting in my form room mucking about with my mates and trying to eat but when Karen around that will never happen! After break my second favourite lesson maths. This week we are doing display work it is all colouring in so it is easy and I show Alison that lovely homework she would not stop going on about. Next, I plod off to Spanish when I have my Spanish Module test, which I do really well in . at the same time having fun with henna, tasta, Laura and Sarah. It is always fun in Spanish because we joke Mrs Wales around because we are nice like that! At the end of the lesson Miss announces our results I get full marks and I didn’t even revise and Miss gives everyone with full marks a housepoint . I do not even collect them any more so they are really useful! After Spanish, I have to go to my technology room to do my work, which usually takes me until about 2pm but today Mr Harris gives me some help so it only takes me until 1. 45pm. I sit and chat to him at the same time he also helps me with my homework so I do not have to do it at home thus allowing me to go out at the weekend. Because I have tech last lesson I leave my bags in his room, so I do not need to carry them back and forth from my form room. I leave his room and run to my form room and nearly fall over in the process after form it back t until o tech in which I spend an hour doing absolutely nothing well if talking counts then I did do something! At 3:15pm I leave the room and run to catch the bus. Once on the bus I throw my bags down and go to the front to talk to the driver Malcolm and the teacher that’s on duty. The bus leaves to take us all back to our lovely warm houses I get off the bus at Elmstead and walk home which takes 10- 15 minutes when I get home I go straight in the bath then get dress I watch television. At 10pm, I go to sleep until

Do People Truly Understand Vegetarianism Professor Ramos Blog

Do People Truly Understand Vegetarianism https://prezi.com/view/xloHLbey3DCpFCBp3v9M/

Analysis of Service Marketing UBER Technologies †Free Samples

UBER technologies are the company that is headquartered at San Francisco, California. It is the company that deals with transport network services. This company has started its business by developing a mobile application (Cramer & Krueger,   2016). This application is used by the customers to book or request the ride that is being transferred to the drivers who are using their own cars to conduct the trip. As per the data, the company operates its business in 58 countries and 300 cities in the entire world. After UBER, many companies have tried this business idea and launched their own taxi services for the customers. The ear is known as â€Å"Uberification†. This business was founded by two people named Travis and Garrett in May 2009 and they released the app for UBER in June in the same year. In 2012, UBER took the initiate to expand its business at international level (Creighton, 2017). In the year of 2014, the innovation of carpooling is initiated by the business and the company reached at the position of 48 th among the most powerful companies of America. As far as the business UBER is Australia it considered, it has been analyzed that the business has started in 2012 may. In Australia, it has been observed that the market share of the company is rising day by day. UBER has started its business by launching Uber black that includes only the black cars as the cabs by the chauffeurs. This initiative of the business takes up around 3% of the total industry market (Amin & Radhakrishnan, 2013). After that Uber taxi has been launched that allow the taxis to work under Uber as Uber cars. This strategy allows the company to earn more 2% of the market share. As the company has experienced success with these strategies then it started launching the UberX and captured around 22% of the electronic payment market. The above figure clearly describes the spending of the people in Australia on UBER in the electronic payment industry. This suggests that UBER is doing great with its business in Australia and there are more opportunities for the company to grow (Chen, Mislove & Wilson, 2015). as far as the customers and the target market of the company is considered, it has been analyzed that target market of the company are the smartphone users along with the internet access on their phones. They are considered as the potential customers because they are the prospects that can easily be converted into customers. The riders who want to ride are not only the target for the company (Cannon & Summers, 2014). The company also targets the drivers and the car owners. This is because UBER does not have its own cars and employs the individual who are the car owners. As far as the competitors of UBER in Australia are considered, the recent news suggested that Hi Oscar is the company that is taking over the market of UBER. This company has been launched by Perth locals Daniel and Jeremy. It has been analyzed that, may be UBER is cheap and provide convenient rides but still there are many reasons on that the business is replaced by another local company. some of the reasons are surge pricing, internal toxic culture, bad behavior of the drivers etc. the company has attracted around 330 drivers in Perth and then planning to launch its business in Sydney and Melbourne as well (Rogers, 2015). There is several strength of this business over UBER. The first strength or the advantage sis that it is a local company so can attract large number of local people towards it. In terms of income it charges only 15% of the total income from the drivers while other international; brand like Uber charges 25% of the income. This suggests that even if the local compan y is charging, the economy is remaining in the nation only. Strength is that the company is registered with GST (Wheeler IV, 2009). This company allows the users to select their driver and favorite those for future so that in future if they wants to take a ride they can select their driver. The company provides the rating system of thumbs up and thumbs down that help in removing the dilemma of average rating. Another major advantage of the ride from Oscar is that the women customers have the opportunity and chance to select for the women driver. Other than Oscar, GoCatch is another company that has launched its business in taxi industry (Mulley, Nelson, Teal, Wright & Daniels, 2012). Increasing number of companies in the industry is taking over the share of UBER in Australia and becomes a threat for it. The company has launched its services with lower prices than UBER by 10-15%. This is really an alarming stage for UBER to bring innovation in the business of Australia. UBER is observed to be the company that is very much focused for customer service. The company is customer oriented in nature. The major strategies that support the company cater the customer such great services are as follows: Simplicity: Uber app is very much easy and simple to use. It is a user friendly app that supports the customers to operate it easily without being much techno savvy. Even the drivers that are not so much educated can handle the app. it is not only for the users of smartphone but the customer those who are not having nay smartphone can also book their rides by messaging (Australia, 2017). This simplicity is the strategy of customer service by UBER. This is because of the pap is complicated then it cannot be used by nay of the uneducated person. Convenience: Taking ride from UBER is very convenient for the customers. Even if the customer does not know the location where he or she is standing, they can book a ride by sending their location and the driver can pick them up from there. As the company also deal with private cars so they are more comfortable and clean then the cabs or taxis. The payment method for paying for the rise is also very easy (Hall, 2017). It is not necessary to carry the cash all the time to take a ride from Uber. The app can manage the payments by themselves; the customer just need to associate his debit or credit cards with the app and the money will automatically gets deducted. Speed: Speed is another strategy of the company to provide great service to the customers. In any of the city where the UBER serves its customers, they can easily get the UBER cars nearby. This is because there are a lot number of Uber cars available and the system is such that distributes the drivers and the cars according to the demand of the cars at the place. As soon as the customer books the ride, the driver approaches to the customer in lease of the time. Service environment can be defined as the physical environment of the business. All the tangible things that are associated with the firm’s service and provide the proof of the quality of the services form the service environment. After booking the ride: As soon as the customer books the ride with UBER, the driver calls the customer and asks them about the location and tells them about the limit within which they can reach on the location (Tucker, 2017).  This helps the customer to know about the waiting time. After pick up: It has been observed that all the Uber cars are very well managed as after the pickup, the driver greets the customer with poise and ask them if they are comfortable or not. The cars smell good and provide the customer the feel of sitting in his own car rather than a taxi. After the drop: As soon as the driver drops the customer, the customer provides rating to the driver and vice versa. Driver also helps the customer to lift up their luggage if it’s heavy. All the above discussed points provide the information about the service environment of UBER. As discussed in the above section that even if UBER is performing well in its business but facing some of the issues in Australia. The main issue is the issue of surge charging. This is the major issue faced by the company as the local competitors in the place are not charging the surge prices with the customers and thus gaining the higher customer as then UBER. Another issue that has been analyzed with UBER is that most of the drivers do not know how to read the navigation properly. This is to be recommended to UBER that they should concentrate on providing training to their drivers about the application and the navigation app. They should also manage the surge pricing system so that they cannot lose their customers. It has been concluded from the above study that UBER is the company that deal with transportation service in many countries and also in Australia. The Australian business of the firm is doing well but still facing some of the competition from the local competitors such as GoCatch and Oscar. As far as the customer is considered, they have the target market of people those who are using smartphones and have internet connection. The service environment of the company suggests that the services of the company are very much convenient for the customers and provide a good experience of the rides. Some of the issues have also been faced by the company which can be overcome by taking the recommended actions. Amin, S., & Radhakrishnan, M. (2013).  U.S. Patent Application No. 13/672,658. Australia. (2017).  Australia. Retrieved 11 May 2017, from https://newsroom.uber.com/australia/ Cannon, S., & Summers, L. H. (2014). How Uber and the sharing economy can win over regulators.  Harvard business review,  13, 1-4. Chen, L., Mislove, A., & Wilson, C. (2015, October). Peeking beneath the hood of uber. In  Proceedings of the 2015 ACM Conference on Internet Measurement Conference  (pp. 495-508). ACM. Cramer, J., & Krueger, A. B. (2016). Disruptive change in the taxi business: The case of Uber.  The American Economic Review,  106(5), 177-182. Creighton, D. (2017).  Uber competitor launches in Brisbane.  Brisbane Times. Retrieved 11 May 2017, from https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/uber-competitor-launches-in-brisbane-under-new-laws-20160904-gr8bcs.html Hall, B. (2017).  Uber has new competitors in Australia.  Uber Drivers Forum. Retrieved 11 May 2017, from https://uberpeople.net/threads/uber-has-new-competitors-in-australia.150636/ Lovelock, C. (2011).  Services Marketing, 7/e. Pearson Education India. Lusch, R. F., & Vargo, S. L. (2014).  The service-dominant logic of marketing: Dialog, debate, and directions. Routledge. Mulley, C., Nelson, J., Teal, R., Wright, S., & Daniels, R. (2012). Barriers to implementing flexible transport services: An international comparison of the experiences in Australia, Europe and USA.  Research in Transportation Business & Management,  3, 3-11. Rogers, B. (2015). The social costs of Uber.  U. Chi. L. Rev. Dialogue,  82, 85. Tucker, H. (2017).  GoCatch is launching Australia's first Uber X competitor.  Business Insider Australia. Retrieved 11 May 2017, from https://www.businessinsider.com.au/gocatch-is-launching-australias-first-uber-x-competitor-2016-2 Wheeler IV, G. Y. (2009).  U.S. Patent Application No. 12/453,780. Wilson, A., Zeithaml, V. A., Bitner, M. J., & Gremler, D. D. (2012).  Services marketing: Integrating customer focus across the firm. McGraw Hill.

Intercultural Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Intercultural Communication - Essay Example Sometimes innocuous blunder may occur through minor mistake causing insult and hurt and for the perpetrator may result in shame and embarrassment. Normally respect and approach will follow where there is understanding, but the way understanding takes place is complex (Pettigres, 2000). Studies have shown that in many cases the awareness, that understanding is needed, is often lacking, which unfortunately forms the route cause of misunderstanding. In this globalized economy where the boundaries of countries are disappearing, the intercultural communication is finding its importance. We take example of this business meeting between a Vietnamese business team with US business team. Let us assume that each team is reasonably well prepared for the meeting. The language is not the problem, members of both the teams are well conversed with English. However to iron out minor language hiccups, each team also included a good translator. The members of both the team comprises men and women, all are meticulously dressed in business dress. Both the teams are punctual and the meeting starts on time. The meeting being a daylong affair, the lunch has been arranged at a local restaurant. Proper planning is made in advance in choosing the menu beforehand so that potential cultural issues on food habits can be prevented. The organizer expected all to go well as the perceived threat from lack of communication have been taken care of. However there arose problems. Initial shaking of hands went well as this has become universal custom for English knowing people to shake hands. The problem started with greeting; both the parties did manage to greet the other in a wrong way. In UK the family name is given at the end of the name. For example Peter Smith is known as Mr. Smith, not other way round as Mr. Peter, whereas in Vietnamese the family name comes first thus making Mguyen Van Khai, Madame Nguyen. But in the meeting Mr. Smith was greeted as Mr. Peter whereas Madame Nguyen was greeted as Madame Khai. The Vietnamese delegation took more offence than their counterpart, the UK delegation, as they perceived it as disrespect. However the meeting continued with the initial hiccup starting with a sore note. The second misunderstanding occurred, this time around with the UK delegates, when one of their team members was referred by someone as his sister. The UK delegates took the meaning literally, but actually it was meant to denote close friendship. The main problem started with the way the Vietnamese men were interacting with their female counterpart of UK delegation. They expected the women delegates would prefer to mix with other women of Vietnamese delegation and left them, which was perceived as disrespect by the female members of UK team. There was another major goof up when during lunch break one of the Vietnamese delegate placed his hand on the elbow of a lady UK delegate to show her the way, when they were leaving for lunch. In Vietnamese culture this is seen as sign of respect and as non-sexual, undertaken between members of the same as well as opposite sex.

My opinion about Alternative Worlds Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

My opinion about Alternative Worlds - Article Example Megatrends describe the major and progressive changes that will define and shape the world in the near future. The world in 2030 will certainly be a lot different than the world at present as different factors, including individuals’ position, ownership of power, demography, and availability of food, water and energy, would have changed. According to the article, the major trends in the near future are likely to concern individual empowerment, diffusion of power, demographic patterns, and growing food, water and energy nexus. Each of these megatrends is discussed as below. Individual Empowerment refers to the individualistic power that people in future are likely to possess as compared to the present. In the next 15 to 20 years, the level of poverty is likely to reduce thus causing a rise in the number of people categorised as middle class in the entire world. Also, such people would be more educated, have access to modern communications and manufacturing technologies, as well as live in a world with better health-care facilities. This trend is significant as it determines the amount of power that an individual possesses. Unlike the present where individual power is limited, this trend will give people much say in matters that affect them. Diffusion of power describes power shift from powerful states such as United States and Europe, to other emerging economies in the world such as China and Brazil, and finally to non-state groups or coalitions. As other economies grow, it will be difficult for some few states such as the U.S. to assume total power. In addition, emergence of groups that own most factors of production and communication networks will cause power to further shift from states to amorphous coalitions. This trend is significant as powerful states such as United States will lost much of the power to the other players in global leadership. The third megatrend is in demographic patterns and this describes the composition and the nature of the

Bioethics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Bioethics - Assignment Example Weight measurements will be taken, and these can be compared with results from the literature about what is healthy and normal for the particular breed of dog. Secondly, energy levels will be measured, again based upon what is normal for the breed. This will be subjective and assessed by trainers who do not know which diet the puppies are taken, to make sure there is no bias. Finally, blood pressure measurements will be taken weekly throughout the course of the experiment to ensure that the puppies are healthy and to avoid ethical problems of the experiment. Another important part of designing a scientific experiment is to work out the participants, or the ‘sample’. Scientific studies work best with larger sample sizes to eliminate bias (Shannon & Kockler, 2009). When working with dogs, it can be beneficial to use a variety of breeds to ensure that the hypothesis and results can be applied to all dogs. Therefore it was decided that 100 dogs would be tested, 50 on each diet. 25 different breeds (or combination of breeds in mongrels) will be used, so that 2 of each breed will be taking part in each diet group. It is important to randomize the dogs that are chosen to go on each diet. Grouping each breed as a four and then randomly assigning them a diet is the best way of doing this (Shannon & Kockler, 2009). It is important that each one follows the diet strictly for the four weeks of the experiment, as any deviation from this could cause a false result. This means the dogs must be observed at all times to ensure that they do not eat any food from another dog’s meal. Each dog must also have the same amount of exercise and be housed in the same size kennel as the other dogs from that breed to ensure fairness when measuring the results. Differences in exercise could cause a major difference in the weight measurement particularly, and this would be a confounding variable. Each dog would also have to take their meals at

The Meaning Of Life Quotes

The Meaning Of Life Quotes As you all know we all are here in this planet for a while only and our life or being born as a human is a gift irrespective of which race,creed and place you belong to.I believe that being born as a human one has to go through a mother of all possibilities of creation criterion,so I strongly believe that there is one unimaginable intelligent mind behind this creation.We are here to understand his purpose and his views.So lets make this world better like a heaven or at least we can put our best effort to do so in our small span of life,so as our future generation can see what we have once conceived and believed in. The Meaning Of Life If you try to find the meaning of life into the process of evolution, you will see that everything is in fact the fruit of evolution-not necessarily Darwinian evolution process. Evolution can be in our thinking, in our social life, in our economical life, in religious life and many more. Though we do not have any hard evidence that if the physical evolution is going on slowly or it has just stopped forever, but one thing is sure that mentally we are evolving everyday when we experience new ideas in our daily life. Perhaps evolution is the only process that we depend on for our survival; we simply cannot survive without going through some kind of evolution. We all love history. if you look back to our ancestors history you will easily notice that they used to be afraid of natural phenomena and calamities. The used to consider Mother Nature as our creator, and thought that god lives somewhere up on the sky. Many of us, still, when think about god, look at the sky, thinking that god is somewhere up in space. Perhaps, the majority of the people think God knows everything, believe that surely He can answer what is in his mind and what he only knows the true meaning of life. Actually, we need to find and make our own meaning of life, exactly the way we find peace living in a safe place, with trusted people. Life means go on, it never stops unless your life end. We humans are just walking the walk of life, where someone try to explore their life in their own way, while the others follow the path of great leaders or religious path to find meaning in life. Whatever is the meaning of life is, one thing is sure that we have human values and we al l like to live peaceful life, regardless of our genetically identity. Meaning of Life Quotes * Life is such a kind of game where there is no wining or no losing, every one just play his part and the most important is how well a person can adapt his role in this game. * We cannot blame the ONE for our fate , because in some way we are responsible for our own fate or maybe we just failed to adapt the way we have been gifted with life. * Life cannot be better than the way it is , can you imagine a better way than this * If I had given the power then I would try to see if the ONE is planning for any other from of life which is better than this .how better it can be. * Try to be a true friend of your fiancee or wife If you get married to your loved one and desire a long term faithful relationship, then imagine your wife as your best friend and give enough space to her to develop trust and faith in you. Whenever you bring up the so spouses commitment things to your relationships it becomes fragile. Try to think how come people remain friends till the end of their life and why there is breakup even within a few weeks of marriage. * Never think of marriage if your mind is unsure of a long term relationship with the one you are in love with. Try to find out if you are infatuated with some one or in real love with someone and the best way to find it by living together with her. When we grow up we find less time for parents and even someone do not want to meet time. But when you come to the end time of your life, you will ultimately feel the need and place of a child in your life. So, please keep a few minutes at least in a week for your parents and let them feel that you are their greatest pride and strength. * Death is the mother of all pleasure, if there were no option of death life would be meaningless to us-CYRUS * Mind is the workshop where you create thoughts which drive you to imagine or conceive a plan , and in real life we are just the reflection of our imaginations which we never can exceed, we are always remain equal to or less than our imagination.-CYRUS * If you have a fragile relationship with your wife and really wanna fix it or wanna sustain you marriage, then just live a month both of you separate and keep cherishing the wonderful memories you both shared together and the moments when both used to admire each other. I am sure after a month you dont have to worry about break-up.In fact it works all type of relationships. * Have you ever thought how many times a day you really compliment to your wife, fiancee or family members or even to your colleagues? If you really wanna invest for your future then start complementing to your fellows, no matter it is for how small things. In time of need it will pay you back and strengthen you courage to confront any difficulties of life. The Meaning of Life: Growth and Learning Still, I am looking for a true convincing meaning of life, perhaps our effort of finding the real meaning is the key of our living, which truly has no limit, no ending, no horizon. Sometimes, I find trying to find the purpose of life is as just as meaningless of beating the bush-so, better keep learning and enjoy the the full with lots of confidence, honor and honesty as long as possible. In the journey of life we never forget the true virtue we inherit from our ancestors-those teachings are invaluable and help us always to take our step beyond our present status as human. We, all know death is running behind us and gradually we all are falling behind the trap of time.Lets live a peaceful life from every aspect of our point of view. Thank you all:)

Kmart SWOT Essay -- essays research papers

Kmart started off on the right foot back in 1899 and was a major player in supplying goods to the consumers from their small five and dime stores. From there they started to expand, they were a provider of low-cost merchandise but once the competition (Wal-Mart and Target) started opening they started loosing the fight. Since that time they have been through many changes and many hard times. By 1962 they started opening full line discount stores which continued to help the company succeed. From 1980 - 2002 five different CEOs ran the company. Some of their strategies were focused on the same track as the one before them while others had to change direction entirely in order to fight to turn the company around. Kmart has suppliers that they order their goods from so they can keep their shelves stocked. They do not make any of their own products however they do try to differentiate themselves by selling exclusive brands that include Thalia Sodi, Jaclyn Smith, Joe Boxer, Martha Stewart , and Sesame Street. Kmart ¡Ã‚ ¦s strategy has changed a few times since they started out and may continue to change in order to succeed. They have faced bankruptcy in the past and have fought to continue to compete against their competitors. Kmart has many competitive and environmental forces impacting the industry today. As all organizations do some or these forces are opportunities for them while others are threats to the organization. A few of the forces are their rivals or competitors, the substitutes that can be used, and the new entrants into the market. The main rivals among the merchandising companies are Wal-Mart, Kohls, Family Dollar and Target among many more. Wal-Mart and Target are their main rivals, this is because Wal-Mart is known for their niche as having the lowest prices and Target is known for their fashions and home furnishings both of these items Kmart tries to compete against. Also buyers see Kmart as a discount store which doesn ¡Ã‚ ¦t stand when other competitors have lower prices. Kmart ¡Ã‚ ¦s customer service and available products are two other items that Kmart fails to be a strong competitor in against these rivals. Therefore, the rivalry among the merchandising stores is a strong competitive force in this market. Another external force that affects the market is substitutes. Substitutes are the items a customer can buy to replace the items they purch... ...o the picture. By getting rid of their food items they would also have more room on the shelves to stock the much more requested items that customers want. Since Kmart is up against a couple well known companies they are going to need to stand out. They have their exclusive brands which is great if that is what the customer wants. They need to really push these items by marketing (TV spots and newspapers) so the consumer feels they need to have these items. They also need to put standards in place so that anytime research is done there is a project team put together to implement what changes need to be completed. Their strategy to win back the customer is failing because they are not implementing the needed changes. Instead they are closing down stores and not remodeling the ones that are still in business. They are loosing the market share to both Target and Wal-Mart because they are so focused on how to make another buck that they are not focusing on what really matters, the cu stomers. Until the customers are satisfied with the stores product (being on shelves), the service they receive and the location and shape of the stores they will not return as loyal customers to Kmart.

How Agriculture Can Be Used to Combat Climate Change in Developing Countries

GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ESSAY ON THE ROLE OF AGRICULTURE IN COMBATING CLIMATE CHANGE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES PRESENTED BY; MWAURA PHILIP W DATE; 25TH MARCH 2013 INTRODUCTION Climate change is now recognised as one of the most serious challenges facing the world – its people, the environment and its economies. There is now clear scientific evidence that the high concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere is causing global warming. While the world has experienced climatic changes before, the issue we now face involves human influence.It is a challenge that must and can be dealt with because its impacts will have very dire consequences on us and the generations to come. Greenhouse emmissions results from various sources in our societies. We have emmissions from industries and other human activities such as agricultural practises. It is believed that most global warming we can now observe is attributable to emissions of GHGs that result from human activities, i n particular land use changes such as deforestation, and the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas).All these activities are human influenced and thus something needs to be done at the local, regional and globals levels. This essay highlights the role of agriculture in tackling climate change and some of the mitigation and adaptation measures. CLIMATE CHANGE AND AGRICULTURE The Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) define climate change as the term generally used to describe human influences on the climate. The most significant threat is the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs), which contribute to the ‘greenhouse effect’.The greenhouse effect is a natural mechanism essential to life on Earth, but human activity has altered the balance in the mechanism. Radiant energy emitted by the sun comes through the Earth’s atmosphere and warms its surface. This heat then radiates back into the atmosphere, but some of the sun‘s heat is absorbed in the at mosphere by gases. With increasing concentration of GHGs, this effect is amplified, thus increasing the Earth‘s temperature. There is now little doubt that climate change is happening. Most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations. The observed widespread warming of the atmosphere and ocean, together with ice mass loss, support the conclusion that it is very likely that it is not due to known natural causes alone†. These are some of the conclusions of the latest report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2007). Countries and individuals acknowledge the extent of the climate change problem and have agreed that it exists and needs to be addressed.Agriculture can be defined as the spatial distribution of of crops and animals for commercial and subsistence purposes all over the earth’s surfaces. The Food and Agricul ture Organization (FAO, 2008) reports that agriculture and land-use change, such as deforestation, account for about 13 and 17 per cent, respectively of total GHG emissions from human activities. Changes in land use such as deforestation and soil degradation are two devastating effects of unsustainable farming practices that emit large amounts of carbon into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming.Agriculture is a major contributor to emmissions of methane (CH4), Nitrous oxide (N2O) and Carbon( iv)oxide (C02). On a global scale, agricultural land use in the 1990s has been responsible for approximately 15% of all the GHGs emmissions. One third of all carbon(iv)oxide comes from land-use changes such as shifting cultivation and intensification of agriculture whereas about two thirds of methane and most nitrous oxide emmisions originate from agriculture ( FAO, 2008). In addition to the direct agriculture emissions mentioned above, the production of agrochemicals is another import ant source of greenhouse gas emissions.Especially the life cycle of fertiliser contributes significantly to the overall impact of industrialized agriculture. The greatest source of GHG emissions from fertiliser production is the energy required, which emits carbon dioxide during its manufacture. Animal farming has a wide range of different impacts, ranging from the direct emissions of livestock, manure management, use of agrochemicals and land use change to fossil fuel use. Climate change presents a dual challenge which involves how to reduce GHG emissions through itigation, while lessening the adverse impacts by adaptation. These challenges are evident in the agricultural sector where a changing climate will have serious impacts on agriculture and food production. A rise in temperature will result into the following impacts( FAO 2008); * affect food supply dramatically by shifting crop growing zones; * change the habitats of pests; * increase risks of plant disease, insects and wee ds; * shrink the area of cropland due to floods; and * raise sea levels. Potential direct effects on agricultural systems: Seasonal changes in rainfall and temperature could impact agro-climatic conditions, altering growing seasons, planting and harvesting calendars, water availability, pest, weed and disease populations, etc. * Evapotranspiration, photosynthesis and biomass production is altered. * Land suitability is altered. * Increased Carbon(iv) oxide levels lead to a positive growth responsefor a number of staples under controlled conditions, alsoknown as the â€Å"carbon fertilization effect†. MITIGATION Agriculture offers options to reduce CHGs significantly.One of them is to reduce emmissions and thereby minimise the production of anthropogenic gases such as methane and carbon(iv)oxide whereas at the same time increasing food production to achieve food security especially in developing countries. Mitigation is a response strategy to global climate change, and can be defined as measures that reduce the amount of emissions (abatement) or enhance the absorption capacity of greenhouse gases (sequestration). The total global potential for mitigation depends on many factors, including emissions levels, availability of technology, enforcement, and incentives.In many situations, the efficiency of agriculture can be improved at a low cost. However, when low cost incentives are unavailable, policy development is important. Mitigating GHG emissions from the agricultural sector will be an important element of climate change and agriculture policy at the national and international levels, and especially so in developing countries where 75 per cent of poor people live in rural areas, most of whom depend on agriculture for their livelihoods directly or indirectly (World Bank, 2008).The Bali Action Plan (BAP), agreed to at COP 13 in December, 2007, identified four pillars to address in reaching a new agreement–mitigation, adaptation, technology developm ent and transfer, and financing and investment. The BAP calls for mitigation actions by all developed countries, including quantified GHG emission reductions objectives, as well as mitigation actions in developing countries, â€Å"that are supported and enabled by technology, financing and capacity building in a measurable, reportable and verifiable manner† (UNFCCC, 2007, p. 1).Agriculture could be an important component of a new climate change agreement, addressing two priorities of the BAP; * Mitigation ; Agriculture must play a role in climate change mitigation by storing carbon in soils, reducing its GHG emissions (for example, transportation and livestock) and providing fossil fuel offsets from biomass; and * Adaptation ; Agriculture must adapt to new climatic conditions (increased temperatures, drought, increased climatic variations, among others) to ensure a sufficient food supply for the world and contribute to the maintenance of rural livelihoods and viable rural eco nomies.Emission reductions in the agricultural sector can also be a meaningful way for many developing countries to contribute to the goal of the convention and participate in a future regime. The IPCC report estimates that 70 per cent of the mitigation potential in agriculture is in developing countries (Smith et al. , 2007). Sustainable agricultural practices that mitigate carbon can have important co-benefits, including increased soil fertility and productivity, enhanced resistance to drought and extreme weather, and better capacity to adapt to climate change.Sustainable agriculture can contribute significantly to increased food production, as well as make a significant impact on rural people’s welfare and livelihoods. Despite the significant potential and important sustainable development benefits, minimal progress has been made to capitalize on opportunities in this sector, mainly because of complexities, perceived or otherwise, around accounting, monitoring, verificatio n, non-permanence and other issues.Mitigation measures in the agricultural sector could contribute to substantial GHG emission reductions up to 2030 with potential ranges from 5 to 20 per cent of total Carbon(iv) oxide emissions by 2030. The global technical mitigation potential of agriculture, excluding fossil fuel offsets from biomass, is estimated to be between 5. 5 and 6 Gigatonnes Carbon(iv) oxide emmissions per year by 2030 (Smith et al. , 2007). However, actually meeting this potential is a complex issue with both technical and economic challenges.An estimated, 89 per cent of the total potential can be achieved by soil carbon sequestration through crop-land management, grazing land management, restoration of organic soils and degraded lands, bio-energy and water management (Smith et al. , 2007). Developed countries are discussing if agricultural soil carbon sequestration should be included in overall accounting of emissions and removals, and how to provide incentives in the a rea of agriculture for developing countries (UNFCCC, 2009).Intensity targets in the agricultural sector are also an issue, recognizing the fact that food production will need to increase to keep pace with rising populations and improvements in standards of living. Mitigation of Methane can provide an additional 9 per cent through improvements in rice management, and livestock and manure management. The remaining 2 per cent can be achieved from mitigation of Nitrous(ii)oxide emissions from soils mainly through crop management (Smith et al. , 2007).The wide diversity of agricultural practices around the world means there is a corresponding large array of possible mitigation opportunities. Agricultural Emissions Mitigation in Developing Countries Developing countries play a central role in agricultural GHG emissions mitigation. Without sufficient mitigation of GHG emissions in coming decades, including those from agriculture, there will likely be severe negative impacts on natural and human systems, including global food supply and food security, and developing countries are most at risk.The technical potential for GHG mitigation in developing countries’ agriculture by 2030 indicates significantopportunities for emissions reductions, together with anenhanced income earning potential for farmers, and associatedbenefits from lower natural resource degradation(Smith et al. , 2007). The agricultural sector is more vulnerable to climate change in developing countries than developed nations, which is a real concern because agriculture in developing countries is a major food provider.Agricultural practices must adapt to changing climatic conditions to ensure sufficient global food supply, while implementing management practices that have the greatest GHG emission reduction potential. Approximately 30 per cent of GHG emissions reduction potential from agriculture can be achieved in developed countries and 70 per cent in developing countries (Smith et al. , 2007).T he mitigation potential of developing countries is about 75 to 80 per cent of the global potential for soil carbon under bio-energy and the restoration of degraded lands; roughly 90 per cent for grazing land management; and 98 per cent for rice management, water management, set-aside management and agro-forestry. Approximately 89 per cent of the technical mitigation potential in the agricultural sector can be achieved through soil carbon sequestration and about two-thirds of this potential is in developing countries (Smith et al. , 2007).The largest mitigation potentials in agriculture are the restoration of cultivated organic soils and degraded lands, and rice management; developing countries have the largest mitigation potentials. Mitigation is generally most cost effective in developing nations. The Food Agriculture Organization report (2008) estimates that mitigation measures in developing countries through agriculture and forestry projects might cost about one-fourth to one-thi rd of total mitigation in all sectors and regions, while generating one-half to two-thirds of all estimated GHG emission reductions.With growing agricultural GHG emissions and the largest and most cost-effective mitigation opportunities in the agricultural sector, developing countries are likely to play a prominent role in efforts to reduce agricultural GHG emissions. However, these countries also have the greatest barriers to overcome. At the national level, agriculture may be eclipsed by other priorities in many developing countries, such as poverty alleviation. A lack of capacity and political will to encourage mitigation are also contributing factors, where efforts in the agricultural sector are mainly focused on securing food for a growing population.Agricultural policy is viewed by many countries as a sovereign right that is linked to food security, meaning that they are reluctant to open up this sector to any perceived control by an international body. Barriers are often coun try or region-related and understanding the situation in different countries is crucial to realizing the mitigation potential in the agricultural sector. Responses to climate change in these countries should involve measures that aim to reduce poverty and ensure food security (FAO, 2008). Developing countries will require technology ransfer,investment and financial support to implement relevant mitigation strategies in the agricultural sector. And these programs will need to be developed with full consideration of economic and sustainable development. Such programs will need to include methods for verifying and validating GHG emission reductions from agricultural activities and for comparing the effectiveness of various mitigation options, as well as the associated environmental, economic and social benefits and impacts for the overall production cycle.The economic potential for mitigation in agriculture depends on the price of carbon and on policy, institutional,and transaction cos t constraints. To date little progress hasbeen made in the implementation of mitigation measures at the global level. The potential for GHG mitigationwould be enhanced by an appropriate internationalclimate policy framework providing policy and economicincentives. The emerging market for carbon emissions trading offersnew possibilities for agriculture to benefit from land usethat sequesters carbon or saves non Carbon(iv)oxide emissions.TheClean Development Mechanism (CDM) under the KyotoProtocol of the United Nations Framework Conventionon Climate Change (UNFCCC) is the most importantmechanism for payments to developing countries. Currently, the CDM limits eligible activities in agricultureto afforestation and reforestation, and reduction of non- Carbon(iv) oxide gases. Hence carbon sequestration activities, such asconservation tillage and restoration of degraded soils, arepresently considered ineligible.Financing options will need to include grant funding, but there is also a need to develop market mechanisms for sustainable development (MMSDs) that will allow farmers and rural communities to benefit from such initiatives and have an elaborate livelihood strategy. On-farm mitigation Improved management practices that reduce on-farm emissions include livestock and manure management, fertilizer management, and improved rice cultivation. Methods to reduce methane emissions from enteric fermentation include enhancing the efficiency of digestion with improved feeding practices and dietary additives.The efficacy of these methods depends on the quality of feed, livestock breed and age, and also whether the livestock is grazing or stall-fed. Developing countries are assumed to provide lower quality feed to livestock, which raises the emissions rate per animal to over that for developed country herds(Smith et al. , 2007). In manure management, cooling and using solid covers for storage tanks and lagoons, separating solids from slurry,and capturing the methane emitted are relevant techniques.Concerning developing countries, applying thissort of manure management may be difficult as animalexcretion happens in the field. Composting manure andaltering feeding practices may help reduce emissions to acertain extent. Improving the efficiency of fertilizer application or switching to organic production can decrease the amount of nutrientload and Nitrous(ii)Oxide emissions. However, overall benefitswould need to be weighed against the potential impact onyield(Smith et al. , 2007). Sustainable Agriculture and Sustainable DevelopmentIn addition to reducing GHG emissions, agricultural mitigation measures have other social, economic and environmental benefits, particularly in regard to sustainable development, food security and making progress towards meeting the objectives of the Millennium Development Goals. The list of co-benefits linked to soil carbon sequestration include reduced soil erosion, improved soil fertility and structure, improved water qualit y, reduced levels of phosphorous and nitrogen pollution, buffering against drought and improved agricultural performance.Another mitigation strategy is considered to be the displacement of fossil fuels through the production of cleaner-burning bioenergy, such as ethanol, biogas, and methane, which can all be derived from agricultural production. Securing food for a growing population is a major global concern for developing countries and is a primary objective of agricultural policies. As such, mitigating climate change must not result in reduced food production (FAO, 2008). There are limits to GHG emissions reductions in the agricultural sector because of its importance in providing food for a growing global population.Improvements in efficiency may be a more reasonable approach than absolute reductions in developing countries GHG emissions from agriculture. Linking Mitigation and Adaptation Efforts Formally defined, adaptation to climate change is an adjustmentmade to a human, eco logical or physical systemin response to a perceived vulnerability (Smith et al. , 2007). Agriculture is a sector that can be used to link mitigation and adaptation policies and actions. Many mutually reinforcing synergies exist between specific mitigation and adaptation solutions that can lead to more efficient allocation of â€Å"climate response† resources (FAO, 2008).Synergies may occur in cases where mitigation-driven actions in agriculture have positive adaptation consequences for example, carbon sequestration projects with positive drought preparedness aspects or when adaptation-driven actions have positive consequences for mitigation for example, residue return to fields to improve water holding capacity will also sequester carbon (Smith et al. , 2007). A large proportion of the mitigation potential of agriculture arises from soil carbon sequestration, which has strong synergies with sustainable agriculture.Linking adaptation and mitigation measures have both positive andnegative aspects, depending on national circumstances and agricultural systems. In addition, many farmers may be ill-equipped to adapt or may notunderstand the risks that climate change imposes. As a result,information sharing, such as that involving climateforecasting, will likely play an integral part in managingclimate change risk. A future climate regime should encourage countries to recognize and enhance positive impacts. Such measures include the following; * Changes in tillage practices or adjusted livestock breeds are short-term measures. Longer-term measures, such as improved water management or the building of irrigation systems, can help in adapting to a changing climate. * Supporting policies that promote adaptation measures can help towards more effective implementation. * Modes of external assistance range from allocating information, advice, and training on adaptation measures, to developing institutional capacities and policies. * Adaptation is not a stand-alone activity, and its integration into development projects, plans, policies, and strategies will be crucial. * Synergies between mitigation and adaptation should be maximized.Adaptation options and their supporting policies should be adopted by the appropriate level of government and implemented by institutions in direct contact with beneficiaries. For example, adaptation responses such as changing planting dates and tillage practices may require technicalservices provided by local extension agents, which are coordinatedby regional universities and research institutions. Agricultural research, including crop breeding to developdrought and heat tolerant crop varieties, will require bothpublic and private investment. Structural adaptation measures,such as creating water arkets and price incentives,will need to be implemented on a national level, most likelyin partnership with economic cooperation unions. National governments, NGOs and the international community all have a role to play i n creatingthe means and cooperation required for adaptation. Conclusion In general, agriculture impacts climate change significantly through livestock productionand the conversion of forest to land cover that haslow carbon sink or sequestration potential. Nitrous oxideemissions from crop production and methane from riceproduction are also significant.Mitigation options thatare the most technically and economically feasible includebetter rice, crop- and pastureland management. Although there are viable mitigation technologies in the agricultural sector, particularly in developing countries,some key constraints need to be overcome. First, rules of access which still do not credit developing countries forreducing emissions by avoiding deforestation or improving soil carbon sequestration must be changed. Second,operational rules, with their high transaction costs for developingcountries and small farmers and foresters in particular,must be streamlined.Climate change is also likely to ha ve a significant negative impact on agricultural production, prompting outputreductions that will greatly affect parts of the developing world. Adaptation, including crop choice and timing, hasthe ability to partially compensate for production declinesin all regions. In addition, to date, only a limited number of studies have focused on theclimate change and carbon fertilization effects related tocrops of importance to the rural poor, such as root crops and millet. As a result of changes in production, food security will beaffected by climate change.Even the most aggressive mitigation efforts that can reasonably be anticipated cannot be expected to make asignificant difference in the short-term. This means thatadaptation is an imperative. Yet, in the face of this imperative,many developing countries are lacking in sufficientadaptive capacity(FAO, 2008). As a result, there is a large role for nationalgovernments, NGOs, and international institutionsto play in building the necessary a daptive capacity and riskmanagement structures. Finally, climate change adaptation and mitigation have to proceed simultaneously.Since adaptation becomes costlierand less effective as the magnitude of climate changesincreases, mitigation of climate change remains essential. The greater the level of mitigation that can be achieved at affordable costs, the smaller the burden placed on adaptation. Policies focused on mitigating GHG emissions, if carefully designed, can help generate a new developmentstrategy; one that encourages the creation of new value inpro-poor investments by increasing the profitability of environmentallysustainable practices.To achieve this goal,it will be necessary to streamline the measurement andenforcement of offsets, financial flows, and carbon creditsfor investors. It will also be important to enhance globalfinancial facilities and to reform their governance, namelyto simplify rules and to increase the funding flows for mitigationin developing countries. we know what to do,and it is therefore the right time to act before it is too late. It is so unfortunate to see people dying from famine in the 21st century.Climate change may worsen this situation, therefore we should cooperate toghether to ensure thatthe global issue of climate change is handled in a manner that it deserves. Agriculture is just one of those options especially by the developing countries. REFERENCES 1) Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) (2008) [Available online at http://cdm. unfccc. int/index. html] DATE accessed 20th November 2012. 2) IPCC (2007) Summary for policy makers. Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change. [Available online at http://www. pcc. ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/syr/ar4_syr_spm. pdf ]. Date accessed 19th November 2012. 3) FAO, 2008. â€Å"Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation: Challenges and Opportunities for Food Security. † Paper presented at the High Level Confere nce on World Food Security 4) Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). (2008). Financial mechanism for adaptation to and mitigation of climate change in the food and agriculture sectors. Paper presented at the High Level Conference on World Food Security 5) Smith, P. , Martino, D. , Cai, Z. , Gwary, D. , Janzen, H. , Kumar, P. , McCarl, B. Ogle, S. , O’Mara, F. , Rice, C. , Scholes, B. , & Sirotenko, O. (2007). Agriculture. In B. Metz, O. R. Davidson, P. R. Bosch, R. Dave & L. A. Meyer (Eds. ), Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 6) Smith, P. , D. Martino, Z. Cai, D. Gwary, H. Janzen, P. Kumar, B. McCarl, S. Ogle, F. O’Mara, C. Rice, B. Scholes, O. 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