Murdering of Innocents

Chapter Two begins with the introduction of Thomas Gradgrind, â€Å"a man of realitiesSfacts and calculations. † He always introduces himself as Mr. Gradgrind and spends his time in constant cogitation. He is the Speaker, previously unnamed and he now takes it as his duty to educate the children (â€Å"little pitchers before him†). He identifies a student, called Girl number twenty, who replies that her name is Sissy Jupe. Gradgrind corrects her that her name is Cecilia regardless of what her father calls her. Jupe's father is involved in a horse-riding circus and this is not respectable†¹in Gradgrind's opinion. He advises Cecilia to refer to her father as a â€Å"farrier† (the person who shoes a horse) or perhaps, a â€Å"veterinary surgeon. † The lesson continues with Gradgrind's command: â€Å"Give me your definition of a horse. † While Girl number twenty knows what a horse is, she is unable to define one. Another child in the class, a boy called Bitzer, easily defines the animal by means of biological classifications (quadruped, graminivorous, etc. ). After this, the third gentleman steps forward. He is a government officer as well as a famous boxer and he is known for his alert belligerence. His job is to remove â€Å"fancy† and â€Å"imagination† from the minds of the children. They learn that it is nonsense to decorate a room with representations of horses because horses do not walk up and down the sides of rooms in reality. Sissy Jupe is a slow learner, among the group of stragglers who admit that they would dare to carpet a room with representations of flowers because she is â€Å"fond† of them. Sissy is taught that she must not â€Å"fancy† and that she is â€Å"to be in all things regulated and governed by fact. † After the gentleman finishes his speech, the schoolteacher, Mr. M'Choakumchild, begins his instruction. He has been trained in a schoolteacher-factory and has been conditioned to be dry, inflexible and uninspiring†¹but full of hard facts. His primary job in these preparatory lessons is to find â€Å"Fancy† in the minds of the children and eradicate it. Analysis: â€Å"Murdering the Innocents† replaces the suspense of the previous chapter by establishing names and identities for the previously anonymous social roles that were presented earlier. As is to be expected from Dickens, the names of the characters are emblematic of their personality; usually, Dickens' haracters can be described as innocent, villainous or unaware of the moral dilemmas of the story that surrounds them. The characters' names are almost always an immediate indication of where the character fits on Dickens' moral spectrum. Thomas Gradgrind, â€Å"a man of realities† is a hard educator who grinds his students through a factory-like process, hoping to produce graduates (grads). Additionally, Gradgrind is a â€Å"doubting Thomas†Ã¢â‚¬ ¹much like the Biblical apostle who resisted belief in the resurrection, this Thomas urges that students depend exclusively upon the evidence in sight. He dismisses faith, fancy, belief, emotion and trust at once. Mr. M'Choakumchild is plainly villainous and he resembles the sort of fantastic ogres he'd prefer students took no stock in. Cecilia (Sissy) Jupe is unlike the other characters in almost every possible way. While there are other female students, she is the only female identified thus far in the novel. Unlike the boy â€Å"Bitzer† (who has the name of a horse), Sissy has a nickname and at least in this chapter, she is the lone embodiment of â€Å"fancy† at the same time that she is the single female presented as a contrast to the row of hardened mathematical men. Her character is, of course, a romanticized figure. Despite the political critique of Dickens' simplification and over-idealization of females and children (and girls, especially), Cecilia's character does have some depth that allows her development later in the novel. Her last name, â€Å"Jupe,† comes from the French word for â€Å"skirts† and her first name, Cecilia, represents the sainted patroness of music. Especially as she is a member of a traveling circus, we can expect Cecilia to represent â€Å"Art† and â€Å"Fancy† in contrast to M'Choakumchild, one of 141 schoolmasters who â€Å"had been lately turned at the same time, in the same factory, on the same principles, like so many pianoforte legs. Besides the allusion to St. Cecilia, Dickens alludes to Morgiana, a character in the classic story † Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves†Ã¢â‚¬ ¹one of the Arabian Nights tales. The reader should always note the irony in Dickens' allusions: while Dickens' characters argue against fanciful literature, Dickens' is relying upon it to compose his story. In this case, Dickens' simile presents M'Choakumchild's search for â€Å"the robber Fancy† in terms of Morgiana's searching for (and hiding of) the thieves in â€Å"Ali Baba. The metaphor of the children as eager â€Å"vessels† is made explicit when the â€Å"vessels† before M'Choakumchild become the â€Å"jars† before Morgiana. And the motif of robbers and villains is finalized when we remember that Ali Baba and the forty thieves were more hero than criminal. M'Choakumchild is labeled â€Å"gentleman† but his intention to seek and destroy â€Å"the robber Fancy lurking within† makes â€Å"the robber Fancy† (childish imagination) a more noble personification. Instead, the teachers are the ones who seem criminal. The most important allusion of the chapter is the title: â€Å"Murdering the Innocents. † The reader should expect Dickens work to be full of Biblical and Christian allusions as he is writing to a largely sentimental popular audience. While the reference may be more inaccessible, erudite or unrecognizable for modern young readers, Dickens' 1854 British audience immediately saw the reference to King Herod. Soon after the birth of Christ, Herod fears for his throne and has all of the male babies in Bethlehem executed (in the hopes of murdering the Christ child). In literary circles, the phrase â€Å"murder of the innocents† is exclusively used to describe this Biblical story. While the students are not literally danger (M'Choakumchild), their childish imagination has been targeted for annihilation. This completes the archetype of youth vs. age, and foreshadows that whoever is being targeted and singled out (Cecilia Jupe and her imagination) will ultimately escape this tyrant, but other innocents will be less fortunate (Bitzer). But we might expect as much from the same author who had written A Christmas Carol a decade before. The major theme of the chapter can be easily inferred from Dickens' description of Cecilia in the classroom. The â€Å"horses† and carpeted â€Å"flowers† are all double symbols of her femininity and youth, but most important, Cecilia represents Art in opposition to mechanization. Dickens is not arguing against education, science or progress. He is arguing against a mode of factory-style, mind-numbing, grad-grinding production that takes the fun out of life. But even worse than the loss of â€Å"fun† or â€Å"leisure,† Dickens is arguing that art requires an inquisitive and desiring mind. Especially as Dickens is known to have read and enjoyed Arabian Nights in his youth, we can see a bit of autobiography in his tender treatment of Cecilia†¹perhaps if he had come under a Mr. M'Choakumchild, he would have proved incapable of becoming an artist. The life of modern mankind is presented very negatively and ignorantly by Matthew Arnold in the poem Dover Beach by the fact that religious faith evanesce with the Industrial Revolution. Arnold creates the image of the dark future for the people without unwavering faith or religion. Modern men are bastardised with the thought that new the Industrial Revolution will give them advantage over nature. This thought of gaining superiority made humans arrogant by which this appearance is broken by the reality of nature’s dominance. People also seem ignorant with the wishful thought. These pebbles which ‘the waves draw back, and fling’ are completely powerless and are thrown around by the waves that move these â€Å"pebbles† at ease. Arnold uses pebbles as a metaphor for humans to show the inferiority in comparison to nature. The ignorance of humans is emphasised by the historical allusion to Peloponnesian War. In the dark, soldiers could not differentiate between their own army and the opponents; and so they killed their own soldiers. This is used by the poet to show the stupidity of modern man throwing away the religion which was everything to people before the Industrial Revolution; something to believe and rely on when people prayed. However, this old belief is thrown away and Arnold sees it as a very naive decision. The Industrial Revolution gave the source of arrogance and confidence which took place among the Western countries. This revolution was revolutionary itself; humans could mass produce, with improved quality, and at ease. These machineries became the limbs of human society. What came with the industrial revolution was the idea of realism. People could nearly produce goods to near-original standards, all thanks to improved technologies and science, and hence began to doubt the existence of God and supernatural beings. Realism contrasts the theology which is all about belief without questioning that God exists; and people believed it before the times of the machineries. It gave people hope and modesty under the mighty existence of God. However both hope and modesty disappeared with the Industrial Revolution which Arnold laments for. Bitterness is suggested when Arnold exclaims ‘Ah, love’ to show that in this changing world, one can only rely on the partner, and be trustful and true. Sarcasm is used to describe the modern world as a ‘land of dreams’ as there is no more hope for the world, as there is no more faith. As the poem proceeds, the transition of mood is noticeable as the grief of the loss of faith extends to a sense of resignation towards the end and having a sarcastic, sour approach to the ssue. The ‘tremulous cadence slow’ helps to convey the gradual process of the wane of doctrine which adds to the idea that the change of people’s lives is almost unnoticeable. This gradual process hurts Arnold because people are caught unaware of the changes taking place and so do not think it is particularly wrong and sinful. Arnold presents his sorrow with the historical al lusion to Sophocles who, was a Greek playwright, had heard the sound of waves crashing as the ‘eternal note of sadness’. The ‘sadness’ of the mankind turning away from religious beliefs is a parallel to the ‘melancholy†¦ withdrawing roar†¦retreating’ of the waves. Before the development of science and technology, people had truly believed in the religion and thought that they were in total control of god. The metaphor ‘Sea of Faith’ which presents the religious faith people have, used to be ‘full and round Earth’s shore’ but now is ‘retreating†¦ down the vast edges’ which shows the decreasing religious beliefs. Arnold points out that, without faith, humans are ‘naked’ and have no protection and defence which reflects the vulnerability of man and their lives. With carefully chosen words, Arnold presents the uncertainty of the future of humans. The new industrialised world seems â€Å"so various, so beautiful, so new† but it is again a mere appearance. The reality is that this mechanic, stiff world will have â€Å"neither joy, nor love, nor light† because this mechanics cannot feel love, hence no joy, and no vision as humans need love and the warm characteristics of humanity. It is thus deducible that the future will have no â€Å"certitude, nor peace, nor help for pain† which are the essentialities of humans. Humans can only survive the harsh world when everybody believes and trusts each other, and this will be broken with the introduction of industrialisation. This change of the world will bring â€Å"confused alarms on struggle and flight† which creates an imagery of a â€Å"darkling plain†; a dark vision for humans. Furthermore, the â€Å"turbid† ebb and flow shows the cloudy, uncertain future of ‘ebb and flow’ which is the repetitive cycles of nature. Can humans only survive when they make harmony with the nature, and to go against the natural cycles can only mean extinction of humans. The ‘cliffs’ of England ‘gleams’ and ‘glimmers’; gleams and glimmers have a sense of shakiness, precariousness and unknown which echoes the uncertain modern man. Also the alliteration of ‘g’ and ‘m’ creates a stuttering tone which adds to the idea of uncertainty. This imagery portrays the withering away of cliffs as a decline of religious beliefs and whatsmore, deterioration of the Earth itself as humans exploit resources out of the Earth which the modern development enabled men to do. The flaws of modernism and realism are expressed in this poem. The flow of the poem is cut off by uses of caesura which is a parallel to the imperfect modern world. Arnold gives a hint that modernization of the world will have some flaws which will inevitably bring loss of faith and result in loss of equilibrium. In science, there is no hope; everything is measured out and exact. Hence in the modern world reality there can be no hope as it looks vain. Again, Arnold sympathises with the loss of hope in reality. In a different sense, the calm, naturalistic description of a beach at night in the first stanza is the appearance which contrasts to the reality that is sad, unhopeful, ‘retreating’ and ‘tremulous’. Human beings are inferior over nature and the spiritual beliefs as to an extent that people cannot control anything. The abandonment of the doctrine of religion with the help of the Industrial Revolution is only a vain act against the power overwhelming nature. Religion and faith should remain in humanity and ignoring it should result in the uncertainty and vulnerability of modern man.

American Writers Essay

Introduction This is a kind of work that I like very much to do because of help me to remember and memorize everything that I learned and help me to broaden my vocabulary. In this journal I’m going to do a brief analysis of everything that I learned in classes, poems, films, magazines, authors, books and other things. My objectives in this journal are not only get a good mark but also, as I mencioned, learned something else. So, enjoy this travel! â€Å"Introduction to Poetry† by Billy Collins 18/09/2012. â€Å"Two Trains Running† by Tony Hoagland 18/09/2012 What is poetry? 20/09/2012 Poetry is a form of writing in which the author chooses the length of the lines, and not the publisher. Terry Eagletor â€Å"High Windows† by Philip Larkin 20/09/2012 Poems about writing poetry 25/09/2012 â€Å"Purity† by Billy Collins â€Å"I go back to May 1937† by Sharon Olds 25/09/2012 â€Å"Paradelle for Susan† by Billy Collins 25/09/2012 â€Å"Duck/Rabbit† by Billy Collins 25/09/2012 Factors that influenced interpretation 2/10/2012 Example: â€Å"The Sick Rose† by William Blake. Satan Says (Pitt poetry series): Sharon Olds (1980) 4/10/2012 â€Å"The sisters of sexual treasure† â€Å"First night† â€Å"Indictment of Senior Officers† â€Å"Satan says† â€Å"Tricks† â€Å"The language of the brag† â€Å"Night terrors† â€Å"Late† â€Å"The housewives watching morning TV† â€Å"Prayer† The Dead and the Living: Sharon Olds (1984) â€Å"Poem to my first lover† â€Å"New mother† The Unswept Room: Sharon Olds (2002) â€Å"His Costume† â€Å"Blood, Tin, Straw†- 1999 16/10/2012 â€Å"Coming of Age, 1966† by Sharon Olds â€Å"The Toilet† by Gcina Mhlophe 18/10/2012. Extract of a novel â€Å"Dirty Weekend† by Helen Zahavi 23/10/2012 Introduction to the Sherman Alexie’s book â€Å"Flight† 6/11/2012 Chapter 1 and 2 Chapters 3 to 10 of â€Å"Flight† by Sherman Alexie 8/11/2012 Magazine â€Å"Native Peoples† 8/11/2012 â€Å"Flight is supposed to be beautiful . It’s supposed to be pure. † 13/11/2012 Movie â€Å"War Party† by Franc Roddam 15/11/2012 Literary and non-literary texts J M Coetzee- â€Å"The Life and Times of Michael K† Toni Morrison- â€Å"A Mercy† Anita Heiss- â€Å"Avoiding Mr. Right† Zane Grey- â€Å"The Spirit of the Border†. Stephen King- â€Å"The wolves of the Calla† Literary texts| | â€Å"A Mercy† by Toni Morrisonâ€Å"The Wolves of the Calla† by Stephen Kingâ€Å"The Spirit of the Border† by Zane GreyThese, are literary texts because express the inner and subjective reality of the author, allows various interpretations and not intended to inform but recreate the reality. | | Feminism 18/10/2012 â€Å"In a different voice†:Carol Gilligan â€Å"Writing a woman’s life†: Carolin Heilbrun â€Å"Ariel†: Sylvia Plath â€Å"As Novas Cartas Portuguesas†: Maria Teresa Horta

A trustee will be liable for breach of trust if breached

A trustee will be liable for breach of trust if breached Disclaimer: This work has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work produced by our Law Essay Writing Service . You can view samples of our professional work here . A trustee will be liable for breach of trust if that breach if breached Hence, in determining whether Sue has caused any lost to the trust, we must first identify whether the terms of the trust have been breached. And since the trust was created for the benefit of the GLEE club members, it is evident that the trust has not been duly administered in accordance with its provisions as the administration of the trust appears to be entirely in favour of Sue herself. This is exemplified by the purchase of shares in Poly-Sue, of which Sue is an owner, Sue’s life insurance policy, the life size statue of Sue and the bottle of wine. It is questionable whether the shares that were purchased in the soft drinks company was in fact beneficial to the trust, yet it is doubtful that the money which was paid into Vital Adrenalines account and the bet in which Sue placed upon Vital Adrenaline to win was in accordance with the trust provisions. As such, a breach of trust has undoubtedly occur red because as made clear in the case of Armitage v Nurse   [ 4 ]   , â€Å"a breach of trust may be deliberate or inadvertent and may consist of an actual misappropriation or misapplication of the trust property or merely an investment that is outside the trustees powers†Ã‚   [ 5 ]   . Furthermore, it was also made clear in the case that a breach of trust can in fact occur regardless of whether the breach was beneficial or injurious to the beneficiaries. Therefore, even if the shares which have been purchased or the bet which was placed were beneficial to the beneficiaries a breach will still be capable of occurring. This is because, as provided under section 1   [ 6 ]   of the Trustee Act 2000 a trustee has a duty to ensure that reasonable care and skill is exercised when managing the trust. Nevertheless, if Sue can demonstrate that she took all of the necessary precautions that an ordinary prudent man would have taken when exercising the trust fund then her breac hes will be discharged as shown in Speight v Gaunt   [ 7 ]   . It is however unlikely than an ordinary person exercising the same skill a Sue would have managed the trust in the way she did, yet as stated under section 3 (1)   [ 8 ]   of the Act, â€Å"a trustee will be capable of making any investments which he would have himself made if he was entitled absolutely to the trust assets of the trust†Ã‚   [ 9 ]   . Therefore, it could be said that Sue would have made the same investments had she been absolutely entitled to the trust assets and so her investments were in fact reasonable. Nevertheless, Sue’s investments are unlikely to satisfy the â€Å"standard investment criteria† under section 4 (3)   [ 10 ]   . This is because as shown in the case of Cowan v Scargill   [ 11 ]   , a trustee must ascertain that any investments which are made are wholly beneficial to the beneficiaries and not themselves. Thus, since this is not the case a breach of trust has evidentially arisen. As for Will, since he is also a trustee under the trust fund, he too will be liable for the breaches of Sue if it can be shown that he was â€Å"recklessly careless†Ã‚   [ 12 ]   . This has been demonstrated in the case of Re Vickery   [ 13 ]   , where it was held that a trustee will be found to be â€Å"recklessly careless†Ã‚   [ 14 ]   if it can be shown that he did not care whether his act or omission is a breach of trust. Consequently, since Will omitted in his duties to take proper care of the trust fund because of the fact that he has issue in his personal life, it could be said that he was â€Å"recklessly careless†Ã‚   [ 15 ]   and therefore, he too may be found to be in breach of his fiduciary duties. It has nonetheless been argued in light of this decision that the circumstances were exceptional since â€Å"trustees were rarely liable for the acts of their agent†Ã‚   [ 16 ]   . Whether the same can be said in the instant situation is arguable but seems likely given that trustees are assumed to have acted unanimously as in Re Mayo   [ 17 ]

Is Turkish law incompatible with EU membership Essay

Is Turkish law incompatible with EU membership - Essay Example Ten years ago Turkey applied for accession to the European Union.Till today the accession has not be granted.Mainly because of the huge overall concern that Turkey is not what is perceived to be a truly democratic and free countryOne largely ignores the fact that not half a century ago that what was mostly a divided and warring section of Mediterranean countries like Greece, Spain and Portugal is now today an integrated and peaceful Europe and the European integration project in which Turkey wants to join, has brought Europe together into a cohesive whole creating a 'security community' within an ever growing community where there is a "democratic peace". Former authoritarian and militarily dominated countries have come together. And the conditionality for the membership 'peace and cooperation' has been the most potent tool for the drawing together of diverse cultures and groups such as French, German, Poles, Hungarian and Romanian countries. Dialogue and a mutual sense of security e xists where earlier there was only confrontation and suspicion. Till today Turkey's dream of integration into the EU is still a dream. A virulent debate still rages over whether Turkey will strengthen EU's 'democratic zone' or destroy it and undermine the functioning of the EU through its action, most of which is considered as unlawful in the EU.The most prominent argument is that Turkey is a hardliner and the regions surrounding Turkey is filled with instability, violence, terrorism and political instability with hard-line Islamic fundamentalism. But internationally prominent figures like George Bush and Condoleeza Rice, Tony Blair are all for the process of Turkey's integration into the European Union. Olli Rehn (assumed office as EU Commissioner for Enlargement on 22 November 2004,) is the President of the European Commission responsible for Enlargement of the European Union (ENP), which was adopted in 2003. EU borders are being stretched now to the Middle East and World borders are breaking down. Increasingly Turkey is starting to play a prominent role. It is shedding the coercive aspects of its political views and laws are becoming much more liberal and dependent on dialogue and cooperation, dismantling prejudices and promoting mutual trust. The Portuguese Foreign Affairs minister recognized this and after the Brussels Council meeting in 2005 he said 'the US will be pleased and Bin Laden will be disappointed'. This was the meeting where it was decided that talks on Turkey accession to the EU would start. With this accession to the EU it's credibility and influence in world politics and the Muslim world will increase significantly. Prominently opposition was because the Turks did not allow freedom of expression. For a long time challenging status quo in Cyprus amounted to treason and the Anan Plan was criticized and applauded in turn. The Prime Minister, Tayyip Erdoan (wanted a "win-win" solution) Discourse of this kind was a new phenomena and a novel one in Turkey and undoubted this was the pressure that was created due to the EU and the prospect of accession. On 12th September 2005 was published the 12 cartoons by the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten which showed the Muslim Prophet Muhammad in a variety of humorous or satirical situations. Turkey and the Muslim world clashed with the western world. Danish Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen's nomination as NATO's new secretary-general due to his stand in 2005 in this issue lead to his leadership being strongly opposed and the rights and the freedom of expression in the Muslim world being strongly questioned. It seemed to be incompatible with the U.N declaration of human rights. Muslims complained about an 'ongoing smear campaign' in Denmark against Islam and warned that negative reaction could result in Muslim countries and Muslim communities in Europe. They called on the prime minister "to take all those responsible to task under law

The role of the banks in terms of decreasing unemployment, maintaining Essay

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Alignment of Academic standards with ELL Proficiency standards - Essay Example The state and federal government have provided money to aid in the education of students with disabilities (Arizona Department of Education, 2008). President Bush in 2000 proposed what is famously known as â€Å"No Child is Left Behind,† which needed all students to meet or attain set strict standards. The federal policy stated in the no child is left behind that ELL students be included in State assessments and measure or assess the language proficiency of students with reliable, valid assessments in areas reading and writings skills and oral language. In addition, the educators were to consider comprehension, reading, writing, listening and speaking skills of students. These assessments were to help students gain academic achievements as required by States. The main objectives of these assessments were to be designed to assess academic English. Under the no child is left behind act, it was stated that all students had the ability to reach their minimum competency level as long as the teachers were committed to their work. According to Arizona Department of Education (2008), in most cases standards are defined they are applied as a sieve and expectations are lined on the individual. In public education sector there is the notion that intelligence can be taught in that if the student fails to meet the requirements, the teacher or school is blamed for dismal performance of the student. The state and federal government want to attain standards at all cost but in real sense do not. Arizona department of education states that the main objective is to ensure that high school graduates in the country have rough knowledge and skills they require for a career or college. The converse of this objective should be that those students who do not have skills and knowledge for a career or college would not graduate high school. For instance, if there two tests for certain things and the two tests

The Positive and Negative Effects of Technology Essay Example for Free

The Positive and Negative Effects of Technology Essay The use of technology has both positive and negative consequences. It is amazing how someone can find a long-lost friend through a social networking site, enabling them to reconnect. In a society where people have become quite mobile and family and friends are often geographically separated, it is convenient to keep in touch through technology. The positive side of technology is that you can use social networking to stay in touch with friends and family. Mobile phones are convenient for calling and texting those close to you as well as a useful tool for some online schools, playing games, taking and sharing pictures, searching the internet, accessing email and using your calendar to set appointments, reminders or events coming up. Some people believe that technology has a negative impact on others. One, social networking sites can be distracting, and could cause anxiety for the drama that is posted. Two, people use their mobile phones by texting others during working hours and get on the internet that is not related to their jobs and could be fired. Three, some parents and teachers think watching television can influence a child in a bad way which may cause their behavior to change. And finally, gaming presents linking to poor social skills and behavior.It is apparent that technology has the potential to harm or enhance your social skills and social life. In conclusion, technology today has come a long way. I believe, if used correctly, children and teens are monitored regularly, techonology can be very useful, entertaining and educational. The key is to analyze how technology affects you.

The Schlieffen plan Essay Example for Free

The Schlieffen plan Essay Explain how the Schlieffen plan was meant to work. The Schlieffen plan was the strategy Germany planned to adopt in the event of a war in 1914. It was intended to bring a fast, effective victory for Germany, and was devised by Count Alfred von Schlieffen who was the Chief of the General Staff of the German Army. If a war broke out, Germany would be faced with a war in the west against France, and a war on the east against Russia. German generals knew that they could not sustain this war on both fronts, and the Schlieffen plan was devised to deal with this. It was calculated that if a war started, Russia would take a long time to mobilize, and therefore Germany planned to defeat France before Russia had enough time to mount an invasion. They would do this by sending the majority of the German forces to attack France, leaving the eastern boarder vulnerable to attack. This was a risky strategy, as if Russia mobilized quickly, than Germany could be easily invaded. As a result of the Franco-Prussian war, ending in 1871, France had built strong defences around the French-German boarder to prevent another German invasion. Rather than invading through the heavily defended boarder at Alsace-Lorraine, the German army was to attack France through neutral Belgium. By using overwhelming force, it was planned that the German army would surround Paris within six weeks, thus causing France to surrender. Afterwards, the German army could be turned around back to Germany and concentrate their force on the Russian army to the East. The Schlieffen Plan was a huge gamble on the German behalf, as for it to work several assumptions would have to remain correct. It was predicted that Belgium would not resist against a German invasion, and British intervention was completely unaccounted for. It was also assume that  the capture of Paris would lead to the defeat of France. However, the success of the plan pivoted on the time Russia spent to mobilize, and was the fundamental assumption required for the plan to work. For the Schlieffen plan to be successful, all these assumptions would have to remain correct, showing that even before it was put into practise, it was already fundamentally flawed. b). Why did a stalemate develop on the Western Front? At the beginning of the war, both sides predicted that the fighting would be based upon a war of movement. With more devastating technology and effective weaponry, it was harder for either side to advance with resulting in heavy casualties, which contributed towards the establishment of the trench system. No one had predicted the effects modern technology would have on warfare, and is partly responsible for the stalemate that developed on the Western Front. However, there were other factors and contributing events that also lead towards the stalemate. Perhaps the most significant cause of the stalemate was the failure of the Schlieffen plan. This was because many of the assumptions that the plan depended on were wrong. Firstly Germany had not accounted Belgium resistance or the involvement of the British Army in the fighting. However, the intervention of these two counties slowed the German advance into France, which reduced the likelihood of Germany defeating France within the allotted six weeks. The Belgium army was outnumbered ten to one, however they managed to slow the rapid German advance, which was essential for the success of the Schlieffen Plan. British involvement was also unexpected, as the British-Belgium treaty dated back to 1839. The Kaiser did not believe that Britain would go to war over a scrap of paper. However, Britain did uphold their alliance with Belgium, and on 4th August 1914 declared war on Germany and sent 120,000 troops across the channel to meet the German advance. Also Russian army mobilized quicker than Germany had anticipated, resulting  in many German soldiers being withdrawn from the west to be used to stop the Russian invasion in the east. This considerably weakened the German invasion into France, and as a result the German troops were forced to advance east of Paris, away from their original goal. This over-stretched the German supply lines, and after weeks of fighting, eventually exhausted the German army. The German 1st Army encountered French troops returning from the failed Plan XVII at the Battle of the Marne on 6th September 1914, resulting in around 250,000 casualties for both sides. Although the German army were not beaten, all hopes for a quick decisive victory had been dashed. As a result, German forces retreated to higher ground, where they dug a series of trenches to protect themselves. The British and French forces soon followed suit, however they were forced to construct their trenches in the flood-prone lower ground. This was the start of the trench warfare that would dominate the Western Front for the next four years. As both fatigued armies rested, their trench systems became more intricate and fortified, and eventually both Allied and German troops were to heavily dug in to be forced out of their trenches by a single attack or offensive. As a result, little ground was gained by either side. This was the start of the stalemate that would remain throughout the duration of the war, until the final German offensive in March 1918. c). Why was the stalemate broken on the Western Front? The German surrender on 11th November 1918 was due to a number of different factors and events. Each contributed to the final end of the war, and were all of significant importance. Some factors contributed towards the armistice more than others however combined they resulted in the end of the war. The first contributing factor was the introduction of modern technology, such as gas shells and tanks. This was of vital importance, as with improved  methods and machinery, it was hoped that the stalemate would be broken more easily. It was hoped this would happen in 1916, where tanks were first used in the Battle of the Somme. However, although the appearance of tanks took the Germans by surprise, there were not enough to have the intended effect. Many tanks broke down in no-mans land or became stuck in shell holes, and were generally very unreliable. As they were a new aspect of warfare, the Allied commanders had no experience of how to command tanks, and as a result they were not used effectively, resulting in hundreds being destroyed. However, by 1918 the design of the tanks had been greatly improved, and the importance of them on the battlefield had been widely recognised. Tanks were being used to break German lines whilst protecting troops from machine gun fire. This was illustrated at the Battle of Cambrai on 20th November 1917, where 378 tanks advanced six kilometres into German territory. However, the use of tanks had not yet been perfected by the Allies, as there was often not enough infantry to follow behind a tank assault, leaving gaps in the Allied lines. However, even though Cambrai was not without losses, it clearly demonstrated how the effective use of tanks could play a decisive role in a battle. Trench warfare had begun in 1914, and was the ultimate cause of the stalemate, with both sides only making small advances at a time. The war was expected to be a war of movement, however this prediction was evidently prove incorrect after only a few weeks of fighting. However, as new weapons and technology were introduced, it became easier for either side to advance and to capture the enemy trenches. An example of this would be the introduction of the gas shell. They were first used by the Germans in the Second Battle of Ypres on 22nd April 1915. At first, only mild tear gas was used, however it was not long before chlorine and mustard gas shells were being used. By using gas attack, it was hoped the enemy would be forced out of their trenches, proving a dangerous yet deadly form of weaponry. With such effective methods being used to a greater extent, it became evident that trench warfare could not sustain such forms of fighting, thus contributing towards the overall breaking of the stalemate. America entering the war was another important aspect in the breaking of the stalemate. For most of the war, America had not intervened with the fighting in Europe. However, Germany had decided to attempt to force Britain out of the war by cutting off all its supplies, and hoping to force the British into submission. This involved the sinking of American cargo ships, which crossed the Atlantic delivering resources to Britain. The German high command knew that this decision was a gamble, and would ultimately result in America entering the war, but hoped that a German victory would be achieved before America had the chance to play a significant role in the fighting. In February 1917, Germany began unrestricted submarine warfare, which authorised German U-boats to sink any ships suspected of carrying supplies to Britain. This was yet another risk taken by Germany in the course of the war, which failed, as America joined the war earlier than expected. On 6thApril 1917, America declared war on Germany before a German victory could be achieved. America took a long time to mobilize, but eventually over 250,000 American troops were being sent to the Western Front by March 1918. This was a disastrous event for Germany as America was strong military and economically, and its participation in the war proved a huge threat to Germany, and seriously jeopardised the likelihood of a German victory. The role of the British Navy in the war also helped to bring about the end of the stalemate. The Navys primary responsibility was to enforce a naval blockade around German ports that would cut off supplies reaching Germany, thus weakening the country both economically and military. Without sufficient resources, Germany would not be able support its soldiers on the Western Front, as a restriction of food and munitions would cut off the vital resources needed to sustain the German army in France. The Allies planned to take full advantage of the blockade, and combined with the new American force, were in a position to weaken the German army, and  swing the war into their favour. The Naval blockade also provoked angry riots in Berlin and other German cities, as the inhabitants began to starve as a result of the limited food supplies reaching Germany. It is estimated that over a quarter of a million Germans starved to death as a result of the British Naval blockade. This pressurised the authorities to take action, and relieve the strain the blockade was causing on Germany, before they were forced into a state of collapse. As a responsive to the growing number of Allied forces on the Western Front, and the strain of the Naval blockade, Germany mounted a huge offensive. Russia had recently pulled out of the war as Lenin took power, resulting in the end of the fighting on the Eastern front, and also leaving thousands of spare soldiers that could be used to fight in the west. In their unusually strong state, the German commanders believed they could drive back the Allies in the west before the port blockades and extra American troops begun to take effect. General Ludendorff ordered the training of many stormtrooper units. These were troops specialized in close range fighting, and were used to attack the length of the Allied line. In March 1918, the Germany army began a huge assault on the Western Front, involving the majority of its military force. This was a gamble on the German behalf, however there were no alternative strategies that would achieve a fast victory, as the port blockade and increase in Allied soldiers were already starting to weaken Germanys military strength. The stormtrooper attacks worked well, and within a week the German front line had advanced by 60km, and by April the Germany army was only 80km away from their original goal of Paris. The Allies ended up retreating over the ground they had spent years trying to gain. However, their rapid advance cause the German lines to over extended  themselves, and coupled with the limited food imports, few supplies were reaching the German army at such a distance into France. As a result, the German advance came to a halt, prompting a vicious counter-attack from the combine British, French and American forces. The Germans fell back to their heavily fortified Hidenburg line, however this was taken by the overwhelming force of the Allies on 26th September 1918, resulting in over 400,000 German soldiers being captured. The offensive had backfired tremendously, and left over 1 million German soldiers dead. Faced with the extinction of their whole army, Germany asked for peace, and the Kaiser fled to Holland. The Armistice was signed and the war came to an end on 11th November 1918. This was a result of a series of cumulative events and factors. Ultimately, it was the German offensive in 1918 that was the event which lead to the end of the stalemate, as the German attacks and British counter-attacks broke the trench system, and for the last few week before the armistice, the war was again a war of movement. However, the German offensive would have never taken place if it were not for the other contributing factors already discussed. The impacts of new technology, as well as the strain put on Germany by the American entry into the war and the port blockades forced the German commanders to respond with the offensive, which resulted in the end of the war. Although the offensive was the most important factor, the stalemate would have never been broken if it wasnt for the effect of the other factors, proving that they were all significant contributors to the breaking of the stalemate in 1918.

Relevance Of Identifying Peoples Needs And Strengths Social Work Essay

Relevance Of Identifying Peoples Needs And Strengths Social Work Essay Explain the Relevance of identifying Peoples needs and strengths, Respecting Diversity and promoting recovery in support of your working practice. Identifying clients needs and strengths, respecting diversity and promoting recovery are part of my volunteer role, playing an important part in the treatment process and the service of Addaction. How they are identified, the reason they are used and their role in the clients journey will be incorporated in explanatory statements and reflective passages using Schà ¶ns Reflection on Actions (1983 as cited in Powell 1989). Identifying a clients needs and strengths is achievable through assessment and working in partnership. Assessment is the main tool used to identify needs and strengths, matching the type of therapeutic intervention and intensity with the needs of the client. Assessments, though part of initial screening, are on-going processes, needs change and without continual monitoring and reassessment throughout treatment, support and interventions can become unengaged to the individuals requirements. Effective assessments direct the implementation of comprehensive care and support, bearing relation to the effectiveness of treatment and positive outcomes, benefitting clients, especially those with complex needs,. Where assessment must be done by numerous services, partnership across disciplines ensures continuity of treatment and support provided. Identifying needs and strengths determines the direction of treatment, implementation and options available to clients, their suitability and required skills inclusive of wrongly focused skills and limitations. It enables treatment to be client focused and adaptable increasing the successfulness of that process. Motivation of current and future actions and intentions can be identified from a clients needs and strengths, empowering the client, giving appropriate support and access to services. Interventions must be bases on the motivations of clients, promoting engagement in services at the most appropriate level to achieve their goals. The process of identifying needs and strengths is as important as the implementation of the information gained. Inaccurate or omitted information effects subsequent service actions negatively; this is magnified in treatment outcomes, so competency levels, involvement and explanations of processes must be carefully considered and relative to the client. Using internal frames of reference and sensitivity are important, giving insight into the client situation and needs from a subjective viewpoint, facilitating good communication enables accurate information to be gathered generating effective service actions. The needs and strengths of a client can affect how care plans and actions are achieved and the method in which they are delivered. They enable the client to articulate their goals; immediate, short term and long term and put plans into motion whilst incorporating what they need, what they want and what they are good at. It allows prevention/coping methods to be put in place for skills they feel they lack or are unfamiliar with, reassessment allows feedback of the effectiveness of these strategies. Throughout treatment needs and strengths vary, physical and mental needs can affect positive or negative treatment results and being cyclic the treatment itself can have bearing on physical and mental needs of a client. Therefore continual revaluation both of treatment and needs are important to maintain balance, integrate focus and ensure the relevance of interventions. Reassessment of needs and strengths is a valuable tool, enabling clients to monitor their progress constructively and from both sides of the practitioner/client relationship. This enables adjustments and reflections on treatment, goals and support regularly involving engagement and participation from both sides. In order to achieve an effective system that meets the individual treatment needs of substance misusers, there needs to be in place a process of screening, assessment, care co-ordination and treatment review. (Department of Health, 2002 ,p8) On reflection, when a client is referred to our service a comprehensive assessment is done and identifies needs in different ways. Risk assessments, care plans and goals, aims and objective exercises identify needs and strengths and incorporate them in treatment interventions. Clients are encouraged to examine their needs and reflect on situations regularly, identifying lacking skills and additional needs using personal goals sheets. This helps evaluate treatment, enables a better understanding of aims and strengths, reassesses needs and strengthens partnerships. Ultimately by understanding the needs and strengths of a client social inclusion and recovery is promoted. The assessment and treatment process must incorporate personal, social, cultural and spiritual needs of the clients identity, the assessment and the identification of these needs assists in re- affirming forgotten and unacknowledged needs, in their current lifestyle, to the client. Diversity brings richness of experience, knowledge and understanding of the practitioner and client, developing and generating mutual respect and acceptance. Diversity enables both growth and development, creating flexible views and consideration of alternative values. Open mindedness, positive regard and non-judgemental practices enhance the practitioner/client relationship, stimulating communication and insight, obtaining positive treatment results by acknowledging and respecting diversity. Respecting diversity enables tailored insight into the clients values and principles, treatment respectful of their diversities can be incorporated into care and support, enhancing the experience and outcome. Services have an obligation to comply with current legislation to promoting diversity, avoid discrimination and to acknowledge and compensate for any difficulties or boundaries caused by adopting a strategy positive to diversity. All parts of assessment and care should encompass the individuals needs in relation to diversity. Issues of cultural diversity and the development of culturally competent services are essential ingredients of effective treatment systems. (Department of Health, 2002, p28) Social exclusion through prejudice and discrimination, towards the client, can manifest as conflict, verbal confrontation, perceived accusations or blame initiated by adopting practices disrespectful of diversity. Social inequalities can be highlighted through diversity, acknowledgment of difference and the fear of difference can present challenging and emotional situations. Such situations if respectful of difference can engage, confront and offer insight though must allow for sensitivity and active participation. Respecting diversity within the workforce is especially relevant for those being treated for substance misuse, due to the range of services and providers, from generic health care, social care to criminal justice. A diverse workforce provides a high quality service with specialist skill set and experiences enhancing the treatment process for clients. (Department of Health, 2002, p) Understand and acknowledging diversity was part of my initial volunteer training, incorporating the diversity of clients and services. Our service has many different aspects to it throughout the criminal justice system, respecting the diversity of environments and clients are essential. Diversity training helps me acknowledge and understand environments and clients enhancing my professional relationships and working practices, inclusive of the diversity of the team that I work with. Within my volunteer placement, my two mentors are from different back grounds, one is ex-police and the other is an ex-substance user. They bring different skills, experiences, viewpoints and methods to the role but with the same principles and outcomes, this benefits the clients and myself, giving a richness and diversity to my placement and the clients experience. Recovery is unique to the individual, personalised to the client and subjective. To facilitate recovery it is important to address the values and principles of practitioners and clients, enabling understanding, acknowledgment and providing a service based on the clients needs. In order for change to take place, using The Cycle of Change Model (1982 as cited in Davidson, R. 2002), external situations, goals, needs and strengths must be identified, even with the integration of multiple issues, each must be considered on individual merit. Facilitation of change needs to be done by empowerment of the client, enabling the understanding of issues and implementation of coping strategies to be achieved. Recovery is seen to be an outcome of treatment, though in reality it is a sequence of events, inclusive of vulnerabilities and breakdowns that determine breakthroughs and achievements. Often these setback are vital opportunities to grow, learn and change, facilitated by the practitioner, determined by the clients own choices, actions and goals. Clients are experts in their own recovery and experiences, participation must be promoted around this knowledge and insight gained to deliver tailored programmes of care. To achieve recovery focused outcomes, the treatment system needs to become more responsive to individual needs. (NTA, 2010, p5) Recovery may differ in interpretation inclusive of reduction, maintenance, stabilisation or abstinence based goals, each determined by the client and of equality importance. Recovery includes the implication of health education, risk prevention and harm reduction methods, drug use though not desired is possible and recovery though achievable may not be permanent. Constant assessment, reassessment and reviews are vital during the recovery process, addressing multiple topics and reviewing interventions, time to investigate and explore is necessary to facilitate change. To facilitated change the programme of care must adapt and respond, promoting and believing in recovery. Hope is vital enabling the client to see that outcomes are achievable, hope and belief in the clients potential is vital to change and the success of implemented care. There is always hope of recovery and it is vital to communicate that from the start in all mannerisms. (Stickley Basset, 2008, p133) On reflection, our treatment programmes have time constraints and though the foundations of recovery and the cycle of change are implemented full recovery occurs outside our service. Our perception of recovery within our service is the identification of needs and strengths, the beings of change, hope and the belief that a client is beginning on their journey with the tools, goals, the service support required to achieve their individual recovery goal. To conclude strengths and needs, respecting diversity and promoting recovery are all vital parts of the treatment process, each facilitating and supporting the recovery process. Each is interconnected and interdependent in the implementation of care, treatment and the facilitation of recovery. The successful implementation of each of these positively influences the possible treatment outcomes for the client. Strengths and needs require on-going assessments and include respecting diversity within aims and interventions, which is part of promoting unique recovery, enabling and empowering clients to achieve their desired goals. 1584

Naturalism in Jack Londons To Build a Fire Essay -- Jack London To Bu

Naturalism in Jack London's "To Build a Fire" This essay has problems with format When Jack London wrote "To Build a Fire" he embraced the idea of naturalism because it mirrored the events of daily life. Naturalism showed how humans had to be wary at every corner because at anytime death could be there, waiting for them to make a mistake and forfeit their lives. He used naturalism, the most realistic literary movement, to show how violent and uncaring nature really is and how no matter what you do nature will always be there. London also presented the basic idea of Darwinism and the survival of the fittest, basically if you are dumb you will die. Collectively, London used naturalism to show how in life, humans can depend on nothing but themselves to survive. "To Build a Fire" is a short story that embodies the idea of naturalism and how, if one is not careful, nature will gain the upper hand and they will perish. When the narrator introduced the main character of the story, the man, he made it clear that the man was in a perilous situation involving the elements. The man was faced with weather that was 75 degrees below zero and he was not physically or mentally prepared for survival. London wrote that the cold "did not lead him to meditate upon his frailty as a creature of temperature, and upon man's frailty in general, able only to live within certain narrow limits of heat and cold."(p.1745) At first when the man started his journey to the camp, he felt certain that he could make it back to camp before dinner. As the trip progressed, the man made mistake after mistake that sealed his fate. The man's first mistake was to step into a pool of water and soak his legs to the knees. This blunder forced the man to build a fire to dry his wet socks and shoes so his feet would not freeze and become frostbitten. When the man began to build a fire he failed to notice that he was doing so under a large, snow laden spruce tree where he was getting his firewood. When the man had a small fire that was beginning to smolder the disturbance to the tree caused the snow to tumble to the ground and extinguish the fire. "It was his own fault or, rather, his mistake. He should not have built the fire under the spruce tree. He should have built it in the open."(1750). That minor detail of the critical placement of the fire ultimately cost the man his life. The third... ...t when he began to panic as the second fire extinguished. He seemed as though he had lost all knowledge of his survival skills. He thought about killing the dog and wallowing in its steaming insides for refuge from the cold. "The sight of the dog put a wild idea into his head. He remembered the tale of a man, caught in a blizzard, who killed a steer and crawled inside the carcass, and so was saved."(1752). When the man realized that the dog would not let him come near he was forced to concoct another plan. His idea was that if he ran all the way to the camp, he would be able to survive. Unfortunately, that plan failed as well and the man perished in the cold, numbing snow of the Yukon. Overall, naturalism is the most realistic literary movement. It parallels life more than any other movement because it reveals the fact that nature has not heart and no emotions. Nature feels no compassion for human struggles and will continue on it's path of destruction and harm regardless of the circumstances. Works Cited: London, Jack. "To Build A Fire." Sipiora, Phillip. Reading and Writing About Literature. Ed. Phillip Sipiora. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education, Inc., 2002. 149-158.

Free Macbeth Essays: The Murder of King Duncan :: Macbeth essays

The Murder of King Duncan in Macbeth  Ã‚      Many factors were involved in Macbeth's decision to kill King Duncan. He had pressure from his wife, he had an idea in his head, given to him by the three witches, and he was extremely ambitious. All of these factors contributed to his demise in the end and his decision to murder his king.    This whole situation comes about because of three witches who wanted to cause trouble for Macbeth. They knew all along what would happen to him in the end. Macbeth is ambitious and the witches played upon that by promising Macbeth great things, such as becoming the king of Scotland, and Thane of Cawdor. Immediately after he talks with the witches, he is by chance entitled, Thane of Cawdor. Macbeth now believes in the witches’ words and honestly believes that the crown of Scotland will fall upon him by natural means. This idea goes awry when Duncan names Malcom his heir. Macbeth then, still believing in the witches, goes on with his plan to murder Duncan.    Lady Macbeth is a very loving wife to Macbeth and she wants to do anything she can for him to achieve his goals. She just takes it a little too far, and she puts too much pressure on Macbeth to commit crimes that he is not sure he wants to do. After Macbeth sends her a letter about the witches’ premonitions, Lady Macbeth is no longer the sweet innocent lady we expect her to be. She turns into a person who is just as ambitious as her husband and she wants to do whatever it takes to help him get Duncan out of the way. She even goes to the point of calling Macbeth a coward, and mocking his bravery when he fails to complete the job. She is even willing to do it herself (plant the bloody knife with the guard). Lady Macbeth is constantly putting the pressure on Macbeth to do things that he is not sure about. She almost turns into a bully who dares Macbeth to go out and do evil things. She even says in a soliloquy that she wants to be released of all her morals and values so that she can help him commit these crimes.    Finally, we have to look at the tragic flaw of the hero himself.

Team Empowerment Essay -- Business Administration, Team Building

ANTECEDENTS OF TEAM EMPOWERMENT Previous research has identified several organizational characteristics that may act as antecedents to team empowerment. Frequently cited antecedents include autonomy (Chen et al., 2007; Langfred, 2000; Campion et al., 1993), task meaningfulness (Stewart, 2006; Thomas & Velthouse, 1990; Hackman, 1987; Hackman & Oldham, 1980), and team-based human resources practices (Kirkman & Rosen, 1997; Mathieu et al., 2006), such as rewards (Balkin & Montemayor, 2000; Kirkman & Rosen, 1999). To build effective teams, an organization has to redesign the work process and to modify a wide range of organizational systems to support the design (Wellins et al., 1991). In the following discussion, I divide the antecedents into two groups: organizational design and organizational support. The reason for such a generalized dichotomy lies in the fact that many antecedents are interdependent with each other within the same group. For example, cross-functional team will enhance employees’ task meaningfulness; and both practices contribute to increasing employee autonomy. However, there are other factors that may increase employee autonomy, such as expanded responsibilities through improving role clarity. Also, in many case studies the implications involved not only one antecedent. Thus, a broader discussion framework is used as it better accommodates these interdependent antecedents and practices that employ different approaches to team empowerment. Organizational Design – Multi-functionalism is the best approach. Empowerment often requires taking a new look at the organizational design. The ultimate goal is to improve organizational effectiveness by promoting ownership of work. The fundamental approach, and also ... ... created a greater sense of ownership and responsibilities among hospital professionals. †¢ BSD, a software inventory control firm (Belasco, 1991), reorganized its team into multidisciplinary teams, which include sales, service, and technical experts, and each is in charge of a specific customer. By introducing the cross-functional teams, the company give its employees greater empowerment for being responsible for making all decisions. Another corporate practice for cross-functional team is to integrate different department, such as human resources, finance, and information technology, into one shared serviced team. Shared serviced team is often viewed as an alternative to outsourcing (Janssen & Joha, 2006). By integrating multiple functions into one team, shared services team is able to deliver more efficient service to internal customer, and the team members.

Each Generation Has Something Valuable To Offer

Every generation is known to embody different beliefs. Older generations believe deeply in their culture about how a man is the breadwinner and the woman is the housewife. However, in this generation, everyone is equal and has the freedom and the rights to do as they wish. The aged generations also believed strongly in religion by worshiping and praying. But, the current generation seems to be adapting atheism due to the development in knowledge and understanding of things better. My parents believe that staying home is a pleasant thing; however my generation assumes that having a social life is an important aspect.Back in my parents’ days, social life existed in form of dinners and functions with other families. But these days’ people like to party and dance. Talking about freedom, parents always try to prevent kids from travelling and exploring new things. This generation finds exposure to new things a way to gain knowledge and experience such as: People these days li ke to visit various places to explore comparing to older generations that dedicated their life to one place. People change at a considerable rate over time, and this pattern continues as new ideas and generation approach.Lifestyle has experienced a whole new level of technological advancements that has changed our daily lifestyle. Communication system has experienced a new transformation. A century ago, people used mail, telephones that took a fair amount of time to get the message through, but now things such as texting, social networking have made life very straightforward. Technology has advanced expeditiously that we can see each other from different parts of the world with devices such as a webcam. The idea of virtual life has been introduced with the invention of consoles such as the Ps3, Xbox.The world has developed so much with things such as the internet where you can find anything or buy anything with the click of a button. Comparing that to older times where you went to f ar away towns after months to get a few items just sounds ridiculous and shocking. In conclusion, technology has changed the way people live and will continue to do so with the development of new ideas. The values and ethics from the past generations usually provide a better understanding of life compared to todays. Culture and family can only be taught by someone that has experience and can share with the current generation such as our parents.Each generation has a valuable belief and is beneficial to each differently such as: Experiencing the outside world may provide better understanding for one, but the other may find it better to stay home and acknowledge things. Each generation also has loopholes that are unacceptable such as the comparison of men and women and also teenagers drinking & partying to be a part of their society. Values are not just important things that are meant for people to be followed and respected. Values show how one discovers the real himself and live thei r life by going through the stages of beliefs and lifestyle.

The Return: Midnight Chapter 7

middling was in her new first-floor bedroom, and was sense of smelling very bewildered. saturnine Magic always do her feel giggly, and indeed very sleepy, unless roundhow tonight her body ref employ to sleep. Her head hurt.She was dear ab pop to turn the bedside light on, when a familiar voice verbalize, How rough some teatime for your headache?Damon?I make some from Mrs. Flowerss herbs and I decided to stir off you a cup as wel . Arent you the gold girl?If Bonnie had been listening closely, she great power take on hear some amour al near the likes of self-loathing lowlife the light words that right away she wasnt.YesBonnie said, meaning it. Most of Mrs. Flowerss teas smel ed and tasted darling. This genius was especial y nice, entirely grainy on her tongue.And not solely was the tea good, but Damon stayed to talk to her fleck she drank it al . That was sweet of him.Strangely, this tea made her feel not exactly sleepy, but as if she could besides concentrate on peerless thing at a time. Damon swam into her field of view. Feeling some(prenominal) relaxed?he assumeed.Yes, thank you.Weirder and weirder. Even her voice sounded deadening and dragging.I wanted to make satisfying nobody was too hard on you for the sil y mistake about Elena,he explained.They werent, unfeigned y,she said. Actual y everybody was to a greater extent interested in go throughing you and savourless fight Bonnie send a business deal over her mouth. Oh, no I didnt mean to say that Im so glumIts al right. It should heal by tomorrow.Bonnie couldnt imagine why anyone would be so afraid of Damon, who was so nice as to pick up her mug of tea and say hed put it in the sink. That was good because she was feeling as if she couldnt mystify up to save her life. That cozy.That comfy.Bonnie, can I take aim you conscionable one little thing?Damon paused. I cant tel you why, butI wee to find out where Misaos ace bal is kept,he said earnestly.Ohthat,Bonnie said fu zzily. She giggled.Yes, that. And I am truly sorry to ask you, because youre so very young and complimentarybut I k today youl tel me the truth. after(prenominal)ward this praise and comfort, Bonnie felt she could fly. Its been in the same place al the time,she said with sleepy disgust. They tried to make me moot theyd moved itbut when I truism him chained and going d birth to the musical theme cel ar I knew they hadnt real y.In the dark, thither was a short shake of curls and then a yawn. If they were real y going to move itthey should allow displace me away or something.Wel , maybe they were interested for your life.Wha?Bonnie yawned again, not sure what he meant. I mean, an old, old safe with a combination? I told themthat those old safescould bereal y be informal to toBonnie allow out a sound like a take a breath and her voice stopped.Im glad we had this talk,Damon murmured in the silence. in that location was no answer from the bed.Pul ing Bonnies sheet up as high as i t would go, he let it drift elaboratewards. It covered nearly of her face. Requiescat in pace,Damon said softly. Then he left her room, not forgetting to take the mug. today him chained and going down to the stem turn cellar.Damon mused as he w ashed out the mug close y and put it affirm in the cupboard. The line sounded curious but he had closely al the links instanter, and it was actual y easy. Al he needed were twelve to a greater extent of Mrs. Flowerss sleeping cachets and two plates heaped with raw beef. He had al the ingredientsbut hed never heard of a cool it cel ar.Shortly thereafter, he opened the portal to the basement.Nope. Didnt match the criteria for cool off cel arhed feelinged up on his mobile. get at and k presentlying that any moment person was likely to wander downstairs for something, Damon sour nigh in frustration. There was an elaborately carved wooden panel crossways from the basement, but nothing else.Curse it, he would not be thwarted at this point. He would have his life as a vampire back, or he didnt want any life at al To punctuate the sentiment, he slammed a fist against the wooden panel in front of him.The knock sounded hollow.Immediately al frustration vanished. Damon examined the panel very careful y. Yes, there were hinges at the very edge, where no sane person would expect them. It wasnt a panel but a admittance undoubtedly to the stand cel ar where the head bal was.It didnt take long for his sensitive fingers plain his tender fingers were much sensitive than almost to find a place that clicked and then the whole door swung open. He could see the stairs. He tucked his parcel downstairs one arm and descended.By the il umination of the smal flashlight hed taken from the storage room, the parentage cel ar was exactly as exposit a damp, earthy room to reposition fruit and vegetables before refrigerators had been invented. And the safe was just as Bonnie had said an ancient, rust-brown combinati on safe, which any whiz common snapping turtle could have opened in about sixerty seconds. It would take Damon about six minutes, with his stethoscope (hed heard once that you could find anything in the boardinghouse if you looked hard enough and it seemed to be true) and every atom of his being concentrating on hearing the tumblers quietly click.First, however, there was the woman chaser to conquer. Saber the black hel hound had unfolded, on the lookout and alert from the moment the secret door had opened. Undoubtedly, they had used Damons clothes to teach him to scream madly at his scent. however Damon had his own knowledge of herbs and had ransacked Mrs. Flowerss kitchen to find a handful of witch hazel, a smal inwardness of strawberry wine, aniseed, some peppermint oil, and a few other essential oils she had in stock, sweet and sharp. Mixed, this created a pungent lotion, which he had gingerly applied to himself. The concoction make for Saber an impossible tangle of well -set smel s. The only thing the now-sitting dog knew was that it was surely not Damon sitting on the move and tossing him hearty bal s of hamburger and cushy strips of filet mignon each of which he gulped down whole. Damon watched with interest as the animal devoured the fluff of sleeping powder and raw meat, chase after whisking on the floor.Ten minutes afterward Saber the hel hound was sprawled out happily unconscious.Six minutes after that, Damon was open up an iron door.One second ulterior he was pul ing a pil owcase out of Mrs.Flowerss gaffer safe.In the glow of the flashlight he ground that he did indeed have a feature bal , but that it was just a little more than one-half ful .Now what did that mean? There was a very neat hole dril ed and corked at the top so that not one precious droplet more need be wasted. only if who had used the rest of the fluid and why? Damon himself had seen the star bal brimful of opalescent, shimmering liquid just age ago.Somehow betwe en that time and now someone had used about a hundred thousand individualslife energy.Had the others tried to do some remarkable deed with it and failed, at the cost of burning so much role? Stefan was too kind to have used so much, Damon was sure of that. alone able.With an Imperial Summons in his hand, Sage was likely to do anything. So, sometime after the sphere had been brought into the boardinghouse, Sage had poured out almost exactly half the life mogul from the star bal and then, undoubtedly, left the rest keister for Mutt or someone to cork.And such(prenominal) a colossal amount of Power could only have been used for opening the Gate to the Dark Dimensions.Very slowly, Damon let out his breath and smiled. There were only a few ways to get into the Dark Dimensions, and as a human he unambiguously could not sa fartheri to Arizona and pass through a public Gateway as he had the first time with the girls. But now he had something even better. A star bal to open his own pr ivate Gateway. He knew of no other way to cross, unless one was lucky enough to hold one of the almost-mythical Master Keys that al owed one to wrap the dimensions at wil .Doubtless, someday in the future, in some nook, Mrs.Flowers would find another thank-you flyer this time along with something that was literal y invaluable something exquisite and priceless and in all probability from a dimension quite far from Earth. That was how Sage operated.All was quiet above. The earth were relying on their animal companions to keep them safe. Damon gave the root cel ar a single look around and see nothing more than a dim room solely empty except for the safe, which he now closed.Dumping his own paraphernalia into the pil owcase, he patted Saber, who was gently snoring, and turned toward the steps.That was when he saw that a figure was standing in the doorway. The figure then stepped smoothly behind the door, but Damon had seen enough.In one hand the figure had been holding a trash fit out almost as tal as it was.Which meant that it was a hunter-slayer. Of vampires.Damon had met several hunter-slayers briefly in his time.They were, in his consideration, bigoted, unreasonable, and even more anserine than the average human, because theyd usual y been brought up on legends of vampires with fangs like tusks who ripped out the throats of their victims and kil ed them. Damon would be the first to admit that there were some vampires like that, but most were more restrained. Vampire hunters usual y counterfeited in groups, but Damon had a jazz that this one would be alone.He now ascended the steps slowly. He was fairly certain of the identity of this hunter-slayer, but if he was wrong(p) he was going to have to gismo a stave launched straight down at him like a javelin. No problem if he were stil a vampire. around more difficult, unarmed as he was and at a severe tactical disadvantage.He reached the top of the stairs unharmed. This was real y the most dangerou s snap off of spring uping steps, for a weapon of just the right length could send him crashing al the way back down. Of lam a vampire wouldnt be permanently injure by that, but again he was no longer a vampire.But the person in the kitchen al owed him to climb al the way out of the root cel ar unhindered.A kil er with honor. How sweet.He turned slowly to measure up his vampire hunter. He was immediately impressed.It wasnt the obvious strength that al owed the hunter to be able to whip off a figure eight with the fighting stave that impressed him. It was the weapon itself. Perfectly balanced, it was meant to be held in the middle, and the designs picked out in jewels around the handhold showed that its creator had had excel ent taste. The ends showed that he or she had a sense of humor as wel . The two ends of the stave were made of iron tree for strength but they were also decorated. In shape, they were made to resemble one of humankinds oldest weapons, the flint-tipped pri ck. But there were tiny spikes extruding from each of these spear flakes,set firmly into the ironwood. These tiny spikes were of diverse materials silver for werewolves, wood for vampires, white ash for Old Ones, iron for al uncanny creatures, and a few that Damon couldnt quite work out.Theyre refil able,the hunter-slayer explained. Hypodermic needles inject on impact. And of course different poisons for different species quick and simple for humans, wolfsbane for those naughty puppies, and so on. It real y is a jewel of a weapon. I wish I had found it before we met Klaus.Then she seemed to shake herself back into reality.So, Damon, whats it going to be?asked Meredith.

An Investigation Into Smes Survival and the Discrimination Between Fgsmes and All Other Smes

institution In a competitive global market, micro, belittled and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) fly the coop an increasingly of the essence(predicate) role in a nations economy. Today they seduce a positive contri howeverion to job creation, innovation, as well as entrepreneurial skills. A declare conducted by European Commision(2005) stated that in the exagge commitd European Union of 25 countries, 23 gazillion SMEs provide ab knocked out(p) 75 million jobs and paper for 99% of solely enterprise. SMEs are likewise the brisk attributes for lifting the emersionivity of economy.This is primarily beca exercise SMEs are been considered as having a key role to play in providing impertinently products. Take UK for example, SMEs open become much than(prenominal) and more dynamic. SMEs get to enjoyed lavishlyer(prenominal) productivity growth than double menages since 1998, and the proportion of SME employers reporting that they have undertaken either product or servi ce innovation in the prehistorical 12 months has increased from 32% in 2005 to 48% in 2006(BERR,2002). An classical aspect of SMEs, e redundantly for the recent SMEs, is their selection rate, according to Haugh and McKee(2000), survival means move to exist in the future.Although we have seen a huge increase in sassy company formations and higher trains of their survival rates than the past, we whoremasternot neglect the f manage that the rate of emiture of these SMEs is also very high. roughly of the theatres bomb in their infancy stage and virtu wholly in ally fail within sev durationl years after start-up. Some statistics suggest that the failure rate of SMEs in their original five years is more than 50% (Reiss, 2006). thither are many a(prenominal) efforts that contribute to SMEs failure shy(predicate) capital, poor focussing skills, poor human resources, escape of innovations and so on. Factors that contribute to atrophied art concern survival and non-sur vivalIn order to prosper, all SMEs need to reckon that they are alert both to opportunities for achieving success and threats to their survival. nevertheless when the company are aware of and deal with these factors correctly, they send packing survive, grow and succeed. 1. pecuniary circumstances 1. 1 door to Finance Obtaining the right finance is a important factor to a impudent firms survival and high growth. For SMEs, in that location are motley types of finance accessible, including beach gives, borrowing from family and friends, obtaining equity investment funds from business angels, venture capitals and so on.Obviously, different options have different profits and constraints. The advantage of loan finance is that it will not dilute takeership construction of the firm. However, excessive trust on loan finance could be a monetary threat to their firms solvency. Astebro and Bernhardt (2003) stated that there was a authoritative negative cor similarity amidst h aving a bank loan and the survival of the business. Since loan means a continuing obligations for the firm to repay the principal debt and associated stakes on a predetermined sequencetable.This kind of loan covenants mountain place strain on a firms cash flow position, if a firms capital contains a high proportion of debt, then the firm has to generate more cash to cover the repayment obligations, however it whitethorn have greater threat to default collectable to a sudden interruption in income. 1. 2 Financial Health A critical reason for SMEs failure is that they jackpotnot identify and react to threats to their pecuniary healthy. For example, the substantial increases in overheads could be a threat to financial healthy since it is a signal of weak exist management.Signifi cigarettly increasing overheads will curve the available cash flows and profits, unconstipatedtually reduce the probability of survival. match to Schaefer (2006), over-expansion is a leading cause of business failure. This a great deal happens when business owners confuse success with how fast they can expand their business. A large amount of bankruptcy is collectable to rapidly expanding firms. Birley and Niktari (1995) launch that, in the panorama of many accountants and bank managers, 70% of SMEs failures were ca employ by a very large extent to being under-capitalized, to short- stay liquidity problems or insufficient working capital.So in order to survive, firms have to look out for financial threats to the firms solvency and maintain telling management chasten over their finances. 2. Human capital In most(prenominal) SMEs, power is centralized in the hands of the owner-managers and the owner-managers unendingly play multiple roles in a company, including ordinary manager, sales manager, production manager, financial manager and so on, so that characteristics of the owner-managers, such as education chokeground, family business background, personal goals, earl ier work experience, strategic sensory faculty have a significantly impact on firms activities and functioning.Several studies indicate that in SMEs, the personality of the owner-managers is a critical determinant of bodied structure and strategy(Miller and Droge 1986 Miller and Toulouse 1986). Owner-managers who are inability to proceed staff, rarely listen to others advices, have little intimacy of merchandising strategy, finance, and personnel management whitethorn act as a significant constraint to SMEs survival. On the other hand, owner-managers are not experts at everything, many owner-managers in undersize firms are lack of the leading and management skills which are obligatory for the firms survival and growth.Deakins and Freel (1998) found that one of the critical factors in the success of a SME was the ability to build an entrepreneurial police squad. The figurehead of a diversified management team whitethorn imply a greater variety of complementary skills market ing skills, business skills, as well as technological skills, this is also crucial for SMEs in relation to the long term success of the firm. So expression a entrepreneurial team will unquestionably increase SMEs viability. 3. Over-dependentSome firms do not have the appropriate strategy and become excessive reliance on a virtuoso customer or a small client base. The more a firm relies on a particular client, the more possibly it is damaged by factors out of its mesh than if it has a wide client base. Natwest (1997) stated that an important reason for SMEs failure is over-reliance on one or two customers and lack of sales. Failures often occur due to firms sole customer withdrawing its orders or going bankrupt. The very(prenominal) principles also apply to a firms supplier base.If there is a breakdown in the commercial relationship between the firm and its single supplier, the prodution of the firm will be damaged. As a will, if a young firm wants to survive, it should seek to educate a wide client (supplier) base kinda of depending on a small number of uninterrupted clients (suppliers). However diversification strategy can get word this. Diversification across production and services can satisfy different types of customers and reduce the probability of over-dependent. 4. educational activityOne of the factors that contribute to SMEs failure is low level of management performance and inefficient surgical procedure, which is a result of lack of grooming. It is generally acknowledged that the majority of the small-firm owners run their business just establish on their own experience and common sense, without getting professional or other formal qualifications. Stanworth and Gray (1992) pointed out that nonage of small-firm owners who participate in management training ladder to have fall apart educational qualifications, and their businesses have better survival and growth rates than other small firms.Also, Kitson and Wilkinson (1998) found a pos itive link between training and innovation and growth, as training was provided by 60% of innovating firms but only 41% of non-innovators, and 72% and 68% of medium and fast-growing firms, respectively, compared with 46% of dead(a) and declining firms. Training could cover a wide reach of areas including accessing to and managing finance, cost management, personnel management, marketing strategy, information use and retrieval, operation management and so on, which equip small-firm owners and employees with the skills necessary to survival and the further growth.So training is also an important factor that contributes to small firms survival which can be easily ignored. 5. Innovation In this era of knowledge economy, innovation become inextricably colligate with a firms survival, successful entrepreneurship ceaselessly relies heavily on innovation. It is extremely important for new small firms who still enter industries where economics of outgo plays a critical role, by innovati on small firms could compete on the basis of added value, therefore enhancing the likeliness of survival.On the other hand, innovation intrinsically joined with a companys diversification strategy, finished innovative activity, firms have the chance to produce new products and services so that they can attract more customers and increase their market appropriate. Also, cost reduction can be contactd by innovation in operation processes, marketing and organizational forms. For example, in order to expand, some firms may choose a strategy called e-marketing to reduce cost, they may create a impressive and special site to grab peoples management, on the website, a convenient online selling system is provided.Also, the firm may send their new products and services lucubrate to their target customers and potential customers, some periods combining with even fun facts. So business innovation is in particular important not only for large companies but also SMEs survival, lack of in novation could be a barrier to a small firms growth. Discrimination between fast growth firms and all other SMEs Different SME leads to have different growth rate, some of them grow rapidly and are acknowledge as FGSMEs(fast-growth small-to-medium enterprises).According to Caroline and Kosmas, FGSMEs are firms that achieve at least 20% annual immix sales growth over a 5-year period. lash (1995) found that FGSMEs make up 3% of all small firms. Based on former research, there are many firm-based characteristics, which are concentrated on both customers and organizations aspects, such as satisfaction of customers, financial perspectives, staff retention, number and whole tone of successful innovations and so on, to discriminate between FGSMEs and all other SMEs. 1. customer FocusFGSMEs are customer centric, regularly receiving feedback from clients and fetching their requests and complaints seriously into consideration (Tan, 2007). They always try to wait clients through improv ing the quality of products and services or unwraping new products. According to the BSC, customer perspectives charge on traditional marketing issues such as market share, customer satisfaction and service quality ratings, customer loyalty, and customer perceived value (Kaplan & Norton, 2000). 2. Financial Perspectives FGSMEs tend to spend a lot of time and effort in analyzing the financial health of their firms.On the contrary, other SMEs always analyze cash flows on a regular basis, relying on occasional back of the envelope calculations. Financial summaries provided by accountants are used for mandatory reporting purposes instead of financial management (Barnes et al. , 1998). 3. Internal line of merchandise Perspective Internal business performance indicators contains traditional operational terms such as tender success rate, data rejection percentages, time per customer (Kaplan & Norton, 2000), on-time delivery, the number of new products launched and product defects (Zaman , 2003).FGSMEs tend to manage and examine their business processes. For example, Liaise marketing (a supermarket broker) CEO, Tony Merlino stated that their firm measures manufacturer sales, market share and store visits to make sure that their sales team operates properly and efficiently. 4. Employee Focus Kaplan and Norton (2000) pointed that innovation, learning, and growth perspectives are virtually linked to improve employee job satisfaction and commitment, and develop employees technical ability and innovation skills. According to the previous literature, FGSMEs seem to pay a lot of attention on employees. Nicholls-Nixon, 2005 Tan, 2007). So we can see that these fast-growth firms all have a strong emphasis on making their employees as part of the performance standard system. Staffs ideas and feelings are very important and cannot be ignored easily. Conclusion This cogitation aims at identifying the factors that contribute to SMEs survival. Finding on the study suggests that effective financial management, outstanding leadership and training play a critical role in SMEs survival, sequence excessive depend on one or two customers(suppliers) will be dangerous and may lead to a death.On the other hand, the study makes a distinction between FGSMEs and other SMEs based on four perspectives, finally draw the terminal that FGSMEs tend to pay more attention on customers, financial management, internal business operation and employees. annex Astebro, T. and Bernhardt, I. 2009. Dissecting Behaviours Associated with line of reasoning Failure A Qualitative submit of SME Owners in Malaysia and Australia. Journal of Asian social science 5 (9) 98104. Barnes, L. , Coulton. T. Dickinson. S. Dransfield, J. Field, N. Fisher, et al. 1998. A New move up to surgical procedure Measurement for Small and Medium Enterprises. Performance measurement theory and practice, 1, 86-92. BERR. 2002. ENTERPRISE UNLOCKING THE UKS TALENT. online. 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